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Effects of Red and Blue LEDs Light on Growth and Development of Chrysanthemum Callus
(2025-07-01)
Boonprasop, Sorawit
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Seatiew, Kanjana
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Anuwong, Chamaiporn
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Klongratog, Bhanupo
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Somdock, Nuttakrit
Effects of LED illumination on callus induction from petals of Karaked and Scarlet chrysanthemums cultivated in MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/I NAA and 4 mg/l Kinetin, under white LED light (PPFD 30±2 µmol/m2/s) and red to blue light in the ratios 30:10, 40:15, and 30:3 (PPFD 50±2 µmol/m2/s) for 16 h. It was determined that a light ratio throughout 4 weeks culture period had no impact on the fresh weight of callus. Conversely, varying light proportions yield distinct callus dry weights. Upon evaluating cultivar parameters, it was determined that ‘Karaked’ exhibited more fresh and dry weight compared to the callus of the ‘Scarlet’. Analysis of Karaked’s callus showed that callus cultured under 30:3 red to blue LED light exhibited the largest concentrations of all photosynthetic pigments, the greatest levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total phenolic compounds, and the lowest EC<inf>50</inf> value for DPPH free radical inhibition. In the case of the Scarlet chrysanthemum, following 8 weeks of callus induction, it was observed that a light ratio of red to blue at 40:15 yielded the maximum concentrations of chlorophyll a and carotenoids. No statistical difference was seen in the quantity of chlorophyll b. The MDA content of Scarlet’s callus cultivated under white LED light was the highest, and the EC<inf>50</inf> value for DPPH free radical inhibition was also the highest. Callus produced under red to blue LED light ratios of 30:10, 40:15, and 30:3 exhibited greater quantities of phenolic compared to callus cultured under white LED light.
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The Impact of Different Colors of Light-Emitting Diodes on Cacti Germination and Seedling Growth
(2025-03-01)
Ritthidechrat, Kittiphan
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Anuwong, Chamaiporn
To identify suitable light colors to break seed dormancy and enhance the growth of cactus seedlings. A short photoperiod and less light intensity affect seedlings, resulting in low germination and slow growth. Four cacti species are A. asterias, E. grusonii, M. geometrizans, and T. alonsoi, commonly grown as ornamental plants. The completely randomized design was experimental. The plant was cultured under the five different colors of light-emitting diodes (LEDs): natural light (NL), red, blue, green, and white LED, providing light for 12 hours/day. The results found that all cactus seeds can absorb water and have more than 50% viability, except for E. grusonii. The seed germination (%G) increased in NL and various colors of LED. White LED had the highest %G in A. asterias, but green LED had the highest α-amylase activity. In E. grusonii, M. geometrizans, and T. alonsoi, %G and α-amylase activity were the highest under red LED. In addition, all four cacti species had the lowest mean germination time under red LED. The growth of A. asterias and M. geometrizans had the highest seedling vigor, stem diameter, plant height, and root length under NL. They had the highest chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. In E. grusonii and T. alonsoi under NL, with the highest stem diameter, plant height and increases chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. However, white light has the maximum root length and seedling vigor. Thus, red, green, and white LEDs effectively break seed dormancy, while white LEDs stimulate cactus growth as the natural light.
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Methods of Breaking Seed Dormancy for Four Species of Ornamental Cacti
(2025-01-02)
Ritthidechrat, Kittiphan
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Anuwong, Chamaiporn
The aim of this study was to investigate methods for breaking the seed dormancy of cacti that are cultivated in Thailand. To stimulate seed germination and decrease the production time for cacti, the research used four cacti species: Astrophytum asterias, Echinocactus grusonii, Myrtillocactus geometrizans, and Turbinicarpus alonsoi, which are extensively grown as ornamental cacti species in Thailand. The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD). The pot experiment consisted of 4 dormancy breaking methods and six replicates, 30 seeds per pot. For the control, seeds were sown onto planting media directly. In the experimental samples, seeds were subjected to different pre-soaking treatments: soaking for 24 h in room temperature water (28±2<sup>o</sup>C), GA<inf>3</inf> 500 ppm for 24 h, and H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> (50%) for 30 min. The seed germination and plant growth data were collected after sowing cacti seeds for two months. The results showed that soaking cacti seeds in room temperature water produced the highest germination rates for A. asterias, E. grusonii, and M. geometrizans. In addition, this treatment also reduced the production time of M. geometrizans. Concurrently, A. asterias, E. grusonii, and M. geometrizans presented higher stem diameters and root lengths of the seedlings, as well as the best result on the seedling vigor of cacti. Soaking seeds with GA<inf>3</inf> resulted in the highest germination percentage of T. alonsoi and accelerated seed germination of A. Asterias, and T. alonsoi. Moreover, this treatment led to the maximum root lengths and seedling vigor of T. alonsoi. However, soaking seeds with H2SO4 was a treatment that gave E. grusonii the maximum root length and seedling vigor.
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Optimizing Organic Fertilization for Marguerite Daisy (Argyranthemum frutescens): Impact of Application Rate and Frequency on Growth and Yield
(2024-01-01)
Anuwong, Chamaiporn
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Kaewtaphan, Phissanu
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Teamkao, Pattrarat
Edible flowers are a new market for horticulture plants. Beyond their attractive shapes and colors, this group of plants contains secondary metabolites that benefit human health. This study aims to investigate the growth and flower yield of marguerite daisies using organic fertilizer at different rates and frequencies. The experiment was designed as a factorial, completely randomized design with two factors: fertilizer rate (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 times compared to the total nitrogen content in chemical fertilizer) and frequency of organic fertilizer application (every 30 and 15 days). Slow-release chemical fertilizer (Osmocote 13-13-13) was used as a control. The experiment reveals that the rate of organic fertilizer application significantly affected the growth and flower yield of marguerite daisy. Still, the frequency of organic fertilizer application did not significantly affect it. Application at 1.5 times yielded the most significant growth and flower production compared to 0.5 and 1 times of application. When comparing the results of organic fertilizer application with 13-13-13 chemical fertilizer, it was found that applying organic fertilizer 1.0 times and 1.5 times every 15 or 30 days resulted in similar plant growth and flower size as with the chemical fertilizer (p>0.05). However, chemical fertilizer produced the highest chlorophyll index (SPAD), accumulated flower buds, and flower blooming per pot (p<0.05). The plant requires more than 1.5 times the organic fertilizer application to achieve flower production equivalent to chemical fertilizer.
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Increased Growth of Caladium Plant Growth Regulators by Tuber Section and Plant Growth Regulators
(2023-04-01)
Kosinwattana, Suriya
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Anuwong, Chamaiporn
Caladium is a tuberous plant propagated by the tuber section technique to increase the plant quantity. Gibberellin (GA3) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) have great capability in various agricultural practices, such as growing rapidly and enlargement tuber size. The effects of different tuber section sizes and PGRs levels having the following constituents (GA3 and IBA) in different levels by 2x5 factorial in a completely randomized design (CRD) with ten replications. The treatments involved 2 factors: The first factor was separating two sizes of tuber section into a squall length of each size 0.5 and 1 cm, and the second factor was drenching the tuber in two different levels of each IBA (100 and 150 ppm) and GA3 (100 and 150 ppm). The results obtained from this experiment showed that the 1 cm of tuber section size was a higher significant difference in bud germination, tuber size, plant height, canopy width, and the number of leaves than the 0.5 cm of tuber section size. However, IBA at 150 ppm was a higher significant difference in the average survival rate, bud germination, plant height, canopy width, and the number of leaves than others. The interaction between the tuber size at 1 cm and IBA at 150 ppm gave the highest survival rate, bud germination, plant height, canopy width, and the number of leaves. Therefore, the Caladium was separated at 1 cm size and immersed in 150 ppm of IBA appropriated to induce growth after the section within two months.
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Effects of Different Potting Media on the Growth of Commercial Cacti
(2022-10-01)
Ritthidechrat, Kittiphan
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Anuwong, Chamaiporn
This research aims to study the appropriate growing media for the growth of cacti that can reduce production costs and promote cacti’s growth. The research used four genera of cacti, i.e., Gymnocalycium, Astrophytum, Mammillaria, and Echinopsis, which were famous in the commercial market in Thailand. The experimental design was completely randomized designs (CRD) with four different growing media and three replications; T1) fermented rain tree leaves (FRTL): perlite: vermiculite: pumice: vermicompost as a control, T2) FRTL: rice husk: coconut coir: charcoal: vermicompost, T3) FRTL: rice husk ash: coconut husks chips: expanded clay: vermicompost and T4) rice husk ash: vermicompost. The plant was cultivated the plastic pot 2-inches and collected the growth for six months. The result showed that Mammillaria was planted in Treatment 3 gave the greatest stem diameter and the number of roots. A similar increase in stem diameter of Echinopsis and Gymnocalycium had the newest areoles. While planted in T4, as a result, the genus Astrophytum has increased in stem diameter, the number of new areoles, and the number of roots. In the Gymnocalycium also found an increase in stem diameter. Therefore, the use of cacti growing media in T3 as an appropriate for the growth of cacti. Furthermore, it can reduce the production cost of growing media about 0.72 baht per pot (33%) when compared with the commercial media (T1) in a 2-inches plastic pot.

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