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    Application of Centrifuge Combined with Biodiesel Washing Machine with Biochar in Biodiesel Production
    (2025-01-01)
    Fonghiransiri, Surasak
    ;
    Chungcharoen, Thatchapol
    ;
    Choola-aied, Orasa
    ;
    Limmun, Warunee
    This research focused on the application of a centrifuge combined with a biodiesel washing machine with biochar in biodiesel production. This method aims to reduce the amount of biochar used in the washing process to meet biodiesel standards. Therefore, the research aimed to improve the biodiesel production process by using a centrifuge machine combined with the biochar washing method (CB) and comparing it with two methods: gravitational settling combined with water washing (GW) and gravitational settling combined with biochar washing (GB). The results indicated that the CB method could reduce contaminants in biodiesel. Although the biodiesel yield did not differ from the GB method, it remained higher than the GW method, increasing the biodiesel yield by up to 1.19% (90.24%). Furthermore, the CB method was more effective in removing acidity, water content, methanol, and glycerol in biodiesel compared to the GB method, with removal percentages of 63.88%, 79.49%, 99.70%, and 85.19% respectively. Consequently, this led to a decrease in viscosity (3.998 cSt) and density (865.93 kg/m<sup>3</sup>). This method provides biodiesel properties that meet biodiesel standards.
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    Preparation of Low-Cost Activated Carbon from Spent Coffee Grounds for Rhodamine B Removal
    (2025-01-01)
    Keeratirawee, Kanchalar
    ;
    Choola-aied, Orasa
    ;
    Kongtragoul, Pornprapa
    A low-cost coffee-based activated carbon for Rhodamine B (RhB) removal was investigated. Spent coffee grounds obtained from a local coffee shop in Pathio, Chumphon, Thailand, were utilized as the raw material to produce biochar. The coffee grounds were pre-treated by washing with 1M H2SO4 before carbonization at 600 ºC for 2 h under a limit-oxygen atmosphere. The acid washing process was found to be a promising method for preparing activated carbon without requiring an inert gas flow during the carbonization. This approach resulted in activated carbon free of ash after carbonization. The carbonized coffee grounds were activated using a microwave-assisted process with KOH as the activating agent. The performance of the prepared activated carbon for Rhodamine B adsorption was evaluated using the batch method. Key parameters, including initial concentration of Rhodamine B (3-11 mg/L), pH (3-11), and contact time (15-150 min), were optimized. The maximum adsorption capacity was 16 mg/g of adsorbents. The optimal pH for Rhodamine B adsorption was found to be 7. The adsorption of Rhodamine B onto the adsorbent fits a Langmuir isotherm and a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The study revealed that the prepared activated carbon from waste coffee grounds is an efficient and affordable solution for removing Rhodamine B contaminants from the water system.
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