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Microfluidic-based electrochemical sensing platforms: From classical to advanced platforms for environmental monitoring and clinical diagnostics
(2026-02-01)
Naorungroj, Sarida
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Khamcharoen, Wisarut
;
Yomthiangthae, Phanumas
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Traipop, Surinya
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Lothongkum, Anchaleeporn Waritswat
Microfluidic sensing platforms have emerged as essential tools for addressing global needs across various sectors, including environmental monitoring and clinical diagnostics. These applications require devices with selective, sensitive, and portable capabilities that offer multifunctionality. This review focuses on microfluidic devices as an effective tool for environmental and clinical applications. We present the evolution of these platforms, examining their transition from classical to innovative designs and their critical roles in enabling precise measurements. Particular attention is given to various patterns featuring operational units, such as integrated valving systems for controlling fluid flow, reagent storage units, separation or delay zones, and detection units. In addition, the utilization of innovative materials, transitioning from polydimethylsiloxane-based devices to transparent film-based alternatives to overcome the limitations of traditional microfluidic systems, is covered. Here, heavy metals, pesticides, microorganisms, nutrients, polyfluoroalkyl substances, and gases are presented as target analytes for environmental analysis, whereas analyses of nucleic acids, proteins, antigens, and antibiotics are demonstrated for clinical diagnostics. Future perspectives and challenges in advancing microfluidic-based sensing platforms are also discussed.
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Dip-to-detect electrochemical microfluidic device: Integrating sample collection and automated mixing for on-site detection of heavy metals
(2026-02-01)
Khamcharoen, Wisarut
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Jaewjaroenwattana, Jutamas
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Wajasen, Kwanchanok
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Naorungroj, Sarida
;
Jampasa, Sakda
Human exposure to heavy metals poses a global threat due to their harmful health and environmental effects. Standard analytical methods rely on complex operations and sophisticated instruments, making them costly, labor-intensive, and limited in on-site suitability. This work presents a “dip-to-detect” electrochemical microfluidic device that enables direct sample dipping and automated electrolyte mixing. The device is made using stacked layers of transparent and double-sided adhesive films designed to enable sequential flow control. We implement a fluid-triggered valve to allow direct dipping and store the sample solution inside the channel without leakage. The electrolyte is added to the device without fixed-volume pipetting, activating the valve for rapid mixing with the sample solution. The device is equipped with a near field communication (NFC) controlled potentiostat for the portable detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II) with limits of detection of 90 ppb and 80 ppb, respectively. To validate its performance, the microfluidic device was tested with spiked industrial water samples. The device demonstrated good recovery, ranging from 102.2 % to 116.7 %. The dip-to-detect electrochemical microfluidic device eliminates the need for pipetting and manual mixing. This platform introduces a new alternative for field-deployable sensing and has the potential to inspire future designs focused on simple sample collection, automated reagent handling, and minimal user intervention.
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CRISPR/Cas12-based signal-on lateral flow immunoassay for ultra-sensitive, selective, and rapid detection of human papillomavirus DNA in clinical samples
(2025-12-01)
Tungkunaruk, Panon
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Jampasa, Sakda
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Lothongkum, Anchaleeporn Waritswat
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Chailapakul, Orawon
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Chuaypen, Natthaya
The trans-cleavage capability of CRISPR/Cas12a presents significant opportunities for the precise detection of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). However, this potential has not been fully utilized in the context of lateral flow devices. This study introduced a novel, highly sensitive lateral flow assay that leverages the functionalities of CRISPR/Cas12a in conjunction with DNA probes to detect human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA, a primary etiological factor in cervical cancer, directly from clinical samples. The assay employed a DNA capture probe with specific sequences to construct both the control line using 40 thymine bases (T40) single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and the test line utilizing 40 cytocine bases (C40) ssDNA, thereby effectively monitoring the presence of target DNA. In the mixed master reaction, CRISPR/Cas12a was combined with Biotin-GGGGGGGGGGAAAAAAAAAA (G10A10) ssDNA and introduced to a sample containing the HPV DNA. This process initiated a trans-cleavage mechanism, resulting in the conversion of Biotin-G10A10 ssDNA into Biotin-G10 ssDNA. By incorporating streptavidin-conjugated gold nanoparticles on the conjugate pad, the assay captured both Biotin-G10 ssDNA and any unreacted Biotin-G10A10 ssDNA at the test line and control line, respectively, leading to a distinct colorimetric appearance. Under optimized conditions, the assay demonstrated a detection limit of 0.2 copies/μL and exhibited excellent selectivity for HPV16 in clinical samples, correlating favorably with results obtained through gel electrophoresis. This innovative system not only underscores the considerable potential for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of HPV DNA, but it also serves as a promising prototype for further advancements in nucleic acid-based detection methodologies.

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