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Modeling the green extraction of bioactive compounds from Pilangkasa fruit (Ardisia elliptica Thunb) through empirical and machine learning approaches
(2026-01-01)
Vinh, B. T.
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Loan, L. T.K.
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Mansamut, C.
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Tai, N. V.
Pilangkasa Fruit (Ardisia elliptica Thunb) contains the rich bioactive compounds, which still limited the study to utilization. This study aimed to investigate the effect of green extraction technique – ultrasoud-assisted extraction on the antioxidants recovery efficient and establish the kinetic extraction under different conditions. Five level of sonication amplitute (0, 25, 50, 75, 100%) were used for extraction at a time range from 0 to 90 minutes. The extraction yield (%), total phenolic compound (mg gallic acid equivalent per g, mgGAE/100 g), total anthocyanin content (mg/100 g) were determined. The experimental data was fitted with five empirical models to find the best fit model. The power of sonication greatly influenced the efficiency for recovering the phytochemical compounds in Pilangkasa fruit (Ardisia elliptica Thunb). The fast rate of extraction was found at the initial stage (after 30 min of extraction), then reached the equilibrium stage or slightly declined. Among the five empirical models, first-order model showed the best fit between the actual and predicted data. While, ANN model presented the fast and accurate prediction the extraction process. Based on the extraction rate constant from the first-order model, the level of around 50-75% of amplitute was considered as the appropriate condition for extraction polyphenol from Pilangkasa fruit with high yield of extraction, total polyphenol content, total anthocyanin content. These conditions could be further optimized and upscaled for used in food industry.
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Modeling of dehydration, polyphenol thermal degradation, and rehydration of instant germinated VD20 rice: Mathematical and artificial intelligence model
(2025-01-01)
Loan, L. T.K.
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Tat, T. Q.
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Minh, P. D.T.
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Thao, V. T.T.
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Hoang, P. T.M.
VD20 rice, a local rice variety in Vietnam, is currently undergoing restoration and provides limited information about product development. In order to produce the instant germinated VD20 rice, the study on kinetics of dehydration, polyphenol thermal degradation, and rehydration of the instant product was carried out. Different temperatures were applied in this study, including 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, and 65°C. Various models were developed to describe these changes. The Page model provided the best fit for the sample's dehydration properties, with the moisture diffusivity (D<inf>eff</inf>) ranging from 7 x 10-12 to 1.19 x 10-11 m2/s and an activation energy of 31.70 kJ/mol. A zero-order model described the change in polyphenol during the drying process. The half-life values ranged from 3.737 h to 5.723 h. Also, the ANN model was used. This is an intelligent model made of an artificial neural network. It worked better and faster than earlier models like the Page model for dehydration behavior and the zero-order model for degradation property. The rehydration ratio of instant germinated rice also fitted well with the exponential model. These developed insights could facilitate further optimization and production on a larger scale, thereby enabling farmers to produce more products from this rice.
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Varieties and cooking conditions difference in quality of instant brown rice
(2024-10-01)
Loan, L. T.K.
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Vinh, B. T.
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Tai, N. V.
Amylose content is an important indicator that determines the hardness and softness of rice, which depends on rice varieties. Three types of specialty colored rice in Vietnam were selected for research on instant rice production including DH6 brown rice (DH6), Huyet Rong rice (HR), and Cam Cai Lay rice (CL). Proximate compositions and antioxidant properties such as total anthocyanin and total phenolic content in three kinds of rice were analyzed and compared. In addition, the effect of varieties and ratios of rice and water on the cooking time, volume expansion, antioxidant compounds and sensory properties were observed. The results showed that varieties led to differences in the nutritional profile of rice. CL and HR have the highest anthocyanin content (54.9-56.5 mg/100 g). DH6 brown rice is considered as the low amylose rice, with the content of amylose about 4.6%. Besides, it was also found that using “Cam Cai Lay” rice could create products with good structure and high sensory value. The results also confirmed that the product is of good quality when using a ratio of rice: water 1:2 and a cooking time of 30 mins. Types of rice and cooking conditions remarkably affected the quality of instant rice, which could further optimize for the up-scale process.
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Effect of gum arabic concentrations on drying kinetics, anthocyanin degradation and product qualities of purple rice bran extract dried by foam-mat technique
(2024-01-01)
Loan, L. T.K.
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Vinh, B. T.
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Tai, N. V.
This investigation aimed to study the effect of gum arabic on the drying characteristics, degradation rate of anthocyanin, and quality of foam-mat product from purple rice bran. Four different levels of gum arabic (GA) were applied (5-20%), with the control sample (without using gum arabic) for the foaming process. Foaming properties, including foam expansion, foam stability, and foam density, were determined and showed that the fluctuation was found when different contents of gum arabic were used. In particular, the highest value of foam expansion (386.75±9.35%) and foam stability (94.44±0.09%) was found at a level of usage GA of 10%, while the lowest foam density (0.278±0.021%) was observed. Empirical models were applied to predict the change of moisture content during the drying process, showing that the Page model was the fittest and gave the best prediction (R2 > 0.98) at various concentrations of gum arabic. Besides that, following first-order kinetic, the lowest rate of anthocyanin degradation occurred when the concentration of GA was used at the level of 10%. Pearson’s correlation showed the negative effect between anthocyanin degradation rate and drying rate of the constant of the Page model. Moreover, dried purple rice bran extract was added 10% of GA, which presented a high level of anthocyanin (20.34±0.82 mg/100 g), moisture content of 4.26±0.12%, water activity of 0.33±0.11, hygroscopicity of 19.82±0.11 g/100 g, and high acceptance by panelists
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Impact of ultrasound-assisted process on enzymatic extraction of polyphenols from purple rice bran in Vietnam: Experimental kinetics and innovative artificial approach
(2024-01-01)
Loan, L. T.K.
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Vinh, B. T.
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Tai, N. V.
Ultrasound waves is one of the emerging innovative techniques, that widely applied to assist the extraction process. Besides, enzymatic extraction process also considered as green technology. In addition, in Asia country, especially in Vietnam, the rice bran is abundant, which contained many health benefits compounds. This study is aimed to investigate the effect of power of ultrasound (20-100%) on the kinetic of recovery yield (RY, %) and total polyphenol content (TPC, mgGAE/g) in the extract. The statistical and artificial analysis were applied to study the behavior of extraction process. Among 5 statistical models, the first-order model showed the best prediction the extraction characteristics of ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction process under different levels of sonication waves (R2 > 99%). Artificial statistical analysis with 2 inputs (sonication power and extraction time) and two outputs (RY and TPC), also reflected more quick and powerful for prediction with the large and complex dataset with the structure of 2-5-2. The fitting between actual and predicted data set of statistical and artificial model presented that the artificial remained more advantage for describing the extraction process than the first-order model. Further studies could consider this approach for using in other extraction process in other kinds of materials.
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Process of foam-mat drying of purple rice bran extract and evaluation of product properties
(2023-01-01)
Loan, L. T.K.
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Tai, N. V.
The present study examined the process of foam-mat drying “Cám” purple rice bran extract, including optimization foaming conditions and effect of drying temperatures on the drying behaviours and powder's qualities. The egg album and xanthan gum at different levels were used as foaming agents, which further optimizied by the response surface methodology. The optmial foam was dried at four levels of temperature (50-80oC). Moisture content was further recorded every 30 minutes. Four common emperical models were applied for predicting the pattern of moisture content. Under the effect of heat treatment, the final qualities of Cám purple rice bran foam-mat dried powder were determined. The results showed that when egg albumin and xanthan gum were used, 12.04% and 0.337% could maximize foam expansion and stability. These conditions could facilitate the efficiency of the drying process. Moreover, among the four models, the Page model showed the best fit for predicting the change in moisture ratio. The effective diffusivity and activation energy were from 6.73 x 10-10 to 1.66 x 10-9 m2/s and 22.72 kJ/mol, respectively. The study also revaled that at temperature of 70oC, the product could maintain high antioxidant proper conditions for storage and high acceptance by consumer.

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