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Access type: UnknownAuthor: search.filters.author.Mphande-Nyasulu, Fingani Annie

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    Outbreak preparedness and response strategies in ASEAN member states: a scoping review
    (2024-09-01)
    Mphande-Nyasulu, Fingani Annie
    ;
    Yap, Nan Jiun
    ;
    Teo, Chin Hai
    ;
    Chang, Li Yen
    ;
    Tay, Sun Tee
    Objectives: The 21<sup>st</sup> century has witnessed significant disease outbreaks with severe impact in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, including SARS, H1N1, H5N1, and COVID-19. This review aimed to compile and analyze outbreak preparedness and response strategies, highlighting the success of coordinated multi-sectoral approaches and policy responses within the ASEAN region. Methods: The protocol for this review was registered on the Open Science Framework and PROSPERO. A systematic analysis of publications from the 2002-2022 period was conducted following PRISMA guidelines on 4522 records retrieved from PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus. The titles and abstracts were screened, and 229 articles were selected for full-text screening. Finally, 34 articles were included in this review. Results: Four preparedness pillars were identified: governance and stewardship, disease detection, disease prevention, and health care management. The pillars were crucial in preparing for and responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. Coordinated responses among the ASEAN countries and local and international stakeholders were reported. Conclusions: The findings emphasize that understanding the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases is paramount for effective disease prevention, surveillance, and timely response efforts to prevent the next pandemic. A well-coordinated multi-country and multi-agency policy response and understanding the different disease management models are crucial in addressing future outbreaks in the region. Future post-pandemic publications will shed more light on lessons learned and preparedness and response plans for future pandemics.
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    Prevalence of tuberculosis (TB), including multi-drug-resistant and extensively-drug-resistant TB, and association with occupation in adults at Sirindhorn Hospital, Bangkok
    (2022-03-01)
    Mphande-Nyasulu, Fingani Annie
    ;
    Puengpipattrakul, Paisal
    ;
    Praipruksaphan, Mathuwadee
    ;
    Keeree, Arada
    ;
    Ruanngean, Karakade
    Background: Tuberculosis (TB) affects both child and adult populations worldwide. Objectives: This retrospective study was conducted to survey the prevalence of TB and its association with patient occupation in an adult population diagnosed with TB at Sirindhorn Hospital in 2018. Methods: Data were extracted from the medical records of 186 patients with TB, and prevalence and odds ratios were calculated. Results: Pulmonary (83.3%) and extrapulmonary TB (17.7%) were observed among the cases. Overall, 70.4% of cases were male and 29.6% were female. Mono-drug-resistant TB, multi-drug-resistant TB and extensively-drug-resistant TB were observed in 2.72%, 4.1% and 0.68% of cases, respectively. Although not statistically significant, individuals with comorbidities had a 2.16-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33–13.98] higher risk of TB compared with those without comorbidities. Unemployed patients with TB were 4-fold (95% CI 0.82–19.42) more likely to have hypertension than employed patients or traders. The risk of TB among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was 2.22-fold (95% CI 0.93–5.31) higher among females compared with males, and relapsed patients had a 0.92-fold (95% CI 0.19–4.47) lower risk of HIV infection as a comorbidity compared with new TB cases. Conclusion: Patient occupation could play a role in the prevalence of TB among communities. The highest prevalence of TB was observed among unemployed subjects, and unemployed patients with TB were more likely to have hypertension as a comorbidity. Mapping the zones/areas of residence for patients with TB could assist in identifying TB hot spots, and could improve understanding of the drivers of the high TB burden and associated socio-economic factors. More studies are required to further understand the drivers that are leading to the high TB burden and the risks posed by occupations.