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Selection for Upland Rice Varieties Under Different Levels of Light Intensity
(2022-04-01)
Nokkoul, Raumjit
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Unsup, Karnchanaporn
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Krutsuwan, Apichart
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Wichitparp, Thirayut
Upland rice varieties were selected under varying levels of light intensity. This study identified shade-tolerant upland rice varieties with a high yield. From November 2016 to March 2017, the experiment was conducted at King Mongkut's Institute of Technology in Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon, Thailand. For this, ten varieties of upland rice i.e. Dawk Pa-yawm, Nangdam, Dokkam, Nangchuan, Lebnokrai, Samduen, Maepeung, Damgatondom, Lebmuenang, Pukaotong were grown at different levels of 0%, 50%, 60%, and 70% shading levels. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The results of qualitative characteristics indicated that shadowing conditions didn’t have any significant effect on plant height, 50% flowering age, harvesting age, and panicle length. On the other hand, shaded conditions have a substantial effect on the number of plants per tiller, the number of panicles per tiller, the number of perfect grains per panicle, and the amount of empty grain per panicle since there was a quantitative character. Among the tested varieties, Lebmuenang, Pukaotong, Damgatondom, and Nangchuan varieties are suited for growing under 50% shade conditions while Samduen was only suited for cultivation in 70 % shaded conditions, whereas Pukaotong was good for growing in 50% and 60% shade situations. The results of this experiment did not encourage farmers to use the other varieties as cultivars under shaded conditions due to low yields. However, the outcomes of this study can be used as a reference for breeding programs in low-light conditions.
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Evaluation of nutrient content and antioxidant, neuritogenic, and neuroprotective activities of upland rice bran oil
(2018-08-01)
Ruen-ngam, Duangkamol
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Thawai, Chitti
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Sukonthamut, Sujitra
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Nokkoul, Raumjit
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Tadtong, Sarin
Upland rice bran is an abundant and valuable antioxidant by-product of rice milling. This study compares the content of γ-oryzanol, γ-tocopherol, and phytochemicals in rice bran oil from 4 varieties of upland rice; Dok-kham (DK), Dok-kha (D), Khem-ngen (KN), and Nang-dam (ND); with that of a conventional variety, Khao Dowk Mali 105 (MA). The extraction was done by shaking rice bran in ethanol in 250 ml flask with a rice bran to a solvent ratio of 1:5 (w/v) at 200 rpm (0.447g) and 30°C in the dark for 30 min. The antioxidant capacity of the extracted oil was evaluated by several methods; DPPH, ferric reducing ability power, and ABTS'<sup>+</sup> assays. The colour of upland rice bran oil was dark from its phenolic and flavonoid contents. The highest contents of γ-oryzanol and γ-tocopherol were found in the bran oil from KN. The highest phytochemical content was found in the bran oil from DK. DK provided the highest antioxidant activity among the varieties mentioned. The neuroprotective and neuritogenic effects of rice bran extracts were also evaluated. D and KN extracts were the best two neuroprotective and neuritogenic extracts because they had the highest contents of γ-oryzanol and colour pigments. Thus Thai rice bran oil has the potential to be an excellent food supplement product due to its high antioxidant contents.
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Effect of drought condition on growth, yield and grain quality of upland rice
(2014-07-26)
Nokkoul, Raumjit
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Wichitparp, Teerayut
Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of drought condition on growth, yield and grain quality of two varieties in upland rice: Nangdam and Lebnok. The experiment was performed at the King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chumphon Campus, Thailand during July to November, 2010. The study was conducted in randomized complete block design with four replications. This results showed that Nangdam and Labnok varieties were got 12.40-97.10 mm of average monthly rainfall in the vegetative, reproductive and grain formation to ripening stages. Nangdam and Lebnok had days to booting of 72 and 68 Days After Germination (DAG), respectively, days to 50% flowering of 93 and 90 DAG, respectively, which were higher than the normal average of 2 to 6 days. The two tested varieties had low grain yields of 29.12 and 26.20 kg/ha, respectively, when they were grown at the low level rainfall. All varieties had higher number of empty grain of 48 and 33 grain per panicle, respectively, number of low perfect grains of 53 and 57 grain per panicle, respectively, number of imperfect grains of 35 and 30 grain per panicle, respectively, chalky grains of 17.50 and 15.20%, respectively and breaking grains of 0.75 and 2.50%, respectively. However, there were no significant different among those traits between the two varieties. The two varieties of upland rice had smaller grain which was lower than the standard. © 2014 Science Publication.
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Organic upland rice seed production
(2014-01-01)
Nokkoul, Raumjit
The upland rice is popular for growing in southern Thailand because this area is the lowland and less area than other sectors. Upland rice is grown as alternative crops of farmers for household consumption which using organic farming method because organic rice seed can be produced by self-production in farmhouse. However, the upland rice is grown under organic farming system. The seeds must originate from plants being grown in compliance with the organic farming rules for at least one generation. There are many factors involving the production of seeds under organic farming system, making the yield low. Thus, the objective of this study on appropriate methods of upland rice seed production under organic farming system in southern Thailand. The results showed that in producing organic seeds, suitable varieties should be selected to suit each area with regular high yield quality. It can be grown in low fertile soil, resist pests and diseases and compete with weeds. The suitable season should be selected for the seed production and the growing areas ought to be in an ecological zone with at least 14-20 mm of 5-day rainfall during the growing cycle. Soil fertility: crop rotation, green manure plants, compost of rice straw and organic manures. For control of disease and insect pests use of resistant or tolerant varieties, plant extracts, natural enemies. The organic seed production of upland rice in southern Thailand, Samduen variety had suitability for recommendation to seed producer in this area because it can provide high growth, yield and seed quality.
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Effects of zeolite on seed quality of organic upland rice
(2014-01-01)
Nokkoul, Raumjit
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Wichitparp, Teerayut
The production of high quality seeds is an important strategy for organic seed producers. In particular, organic farming is a production system which avoids the use of synthetic fertilizers, insecticides and plant growth regulators. Alternative management organic farming system is reducing nutrient loss and improving soil quality. Zeolite is organic matter and alternative for organic upland rice production. Our objective was to determine the effects of zeolite on seed quality of organic upland rice varieties: Dokkam and Nangchuan. The study involved using Randomized Complete Block design (RCB) with four replications and four treatments: 1) Chemicals method by using fertilizer (15N-15P-15K) rated 4.80 kg/ha for control (T1) 2) Cattle manure rated 160 kg/ha (T2) 3) Zeolite rated 16 kg/ha (T3) 4) Zeolite rated 32 kg/ha (T4). The fertilizer was applied at the rate of 160 kg/ha of cow manure (T1 to T4) and were applied at the rated of 16 and 32 kg/ha of zeolite (T3 and T4), respectively, (mixing into the soil before growing). The experiment was done at the experimental plots of King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon Campus, Thailand during July to November, 2012. The results showed that both varieties of organic upland rice seed quality, all four treatments had high quality, which were not significantly different among the treatments. The 1,000-seed weight ranged from of 22.30 to 25.24 mg, standard germination of 91.50 to9 5. 50%, soil emergence of 90.00 to 94.00%, speed of germination index of 6.79 to 11.30, seedling dry weight of 4.38 to 5.88 mg/seeding, conductivity of 5.49 to 9.07 μmo/cm/gm and age acceleration of 92.00 to 99.00%. These results confirm that a zeolite could replace the application of chemical fertilizers which could be used to produce agricultural products to satisfy the needs of the consumers who want to consume safe food, besides minimizing pollution of agricultural environment and economic costs.

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