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Influence of annealing temperature on optical properties of fluoride doped tin oxide films grown by the sol-gel spin-coating method
(2016-10-12)
Kahattha, C.
;
Noonuruk, R.
;
Pecharapa, W.
Fluoride-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) thin films were deposited on glass and silicon substrates by the sol-gel spin-coating method using stannic chloride pentahydrate (SnCl<inf>4</inf>·5H<inf>2</inf>O) and ammonium fluoride (NH<inf>4</inf>F) as starting precursors for Sn and F sources. As-deposited films were annealed at different temperatures ranging from 300–600°C. The effect of annealing temperature on structural and optical properties of FTO thin films including crystallinity, surface morphology, optical transparency, optical reflectivity and optical band gap are investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The XRD results suggest that the prominent peak in the (110) orientation can be indexed to the polycrystalline SnO<inf>2</inf> structure without any impurity phase caused by fluoride doping. The transmittance spectra of fluoride-doped tin oxide thin films show good transparency in the visible region with noticeable variation in its structural and optical reflectance properties depending on annealing temperature.
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Physical, electrical and optical properties of F/Sb Codoped SnO2 synthesized via sonochemical process
(2016-01-02)
Noonuruk, R.
;
Mekprasart, W.
;
Vittayakorn, N.
;
Sritharathikhun, J.
;
Pecharapa, W.
F/Sb-codoped SnO<inf>2</inf> nanoparticles were synthesized via sonochemical process using stannic chloride pentahydrate (SnCl<inf>4</inf>·5H<inf>2</inf>O) as host precursor while antimony(III) chloride (SbCl<inf>3</inf>) and ammonium fluoride (NH<inf>4</inf>F) were chosen as Sb and F dopant precursors, respectively. Their physical properties and morphologies were investigated using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope while their electrical and optical properties were investigated by Hall measurement and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. As-synthesized powder of polycrystalline phase SnO<inf>2</inf> nanoparticles can be obtained by one-step sonochemical process and its crystallinity can be improved by calcination process. The formation of crystalline phase of SnO<inf>2</inf> is assisted by cavitation effect provided by intense ultrasonic radiation via rapid collision. The characterization results disclose that Sb dopant has strong influence on both physical and electrical properties while F dopant provide considerable effect on electrical property of the samples. It is noticed that the codoping of both elements with certain contents can significantly heighten its electrical conductivity.
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Characterization and phase formation study of ZnO:Sn nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method
(2014-09-02)
Noonuruk, R.
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Mekprasart, W.
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Supparattanasamai, T.
;
Kanyapan, T.
;
Techitdheera, W.
ZnO:Sn were successfully prepared by co-precipitation method using zinc acetate dihydrate and tin (IV) chloride hexahydrate as host and dopant precursor sources, respectively. The ratio of Sn doping content in ZnO was designated at 0, 5, 10 and 20 wt.% and calcined at different temperatures at 200, 300, 400 and 500°C. Physical properties and composition of Sn-doped ZnO powder were monitored by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. Chemical bonding of as-synthesized powders were investigated by Fourier transform spectroscopy. The preliminary results indicate that the crystallinity and morphologies of ZnO nanoparticle are significantly affected by Sn dopant. The phase formation of Zn-Sn-O was observed depending on the Sn-doping composition and calcination temperature. Meanwhile, FTIR results indicate the existence of mixture phases of ZnO:Sn in the compounds which were obtained via precipitation process. © 2014 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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Effect of tin loading on physical properties and phase transformation of as-synthesized Zn-Sn-O compound powder synthesized by co-precipitation method
(2014-01-01)
Kahattha, C.
;
Chongsri, K.
;
Noonuruk, R.
;
Mekprasart, W.
;
Pecharapa, W.
Zinc-Tin oxide compounds (Zn-Sn-O) were successfully prepared via a facile co-precipitation process using zinc dichloride dihydrate as the zinc source and tin tetrachloride pentahydrate as an additive source. The as-prepared product of Zn-Sn-O powders with various Sn additive contents (0-60 %wt) were obtained without calcinations process. The effect of Sn additive on structural and microstructure properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results indicate that the crystallinity and morphologies of ZnO nanoparticles are significantly influenced by Sn additive. The phase formations of Zn-Sn-O including ZnO, ZnSn(OH)<inf>6</inf> were observed depending on the Sn-additive composition.
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Characterization and ozone-induced coloration of Zn xNi 1 - XO thin films prepared by sol-gel method
(2012-01-31)
Noonuruk, R.
;
Techitdheera, W.
;
Pecharapa, W.
Zn <inf>x</inf>Ni <inf>1 - x</inf>O thin films were prepared by sol-gel spin coating method onto glass substrates in combination with annealing process. Effect of zinc content on the structural, optical and ozone-induced coloration properties of as-prepared films was investigated by X-ray diffraction, field emission-scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy and UV-VIS spectrophotometer, respectively. X-ray diffraction results reveal that the structures of all films are still cubic NiO structure. Average grain size of Zn <inf>x</inf>Ni <inf>1 - x</inf>O film increases with increasing annealing temperature and its crystallization is strongly affected by Zn content. Coloration of the films was obtained after UV/ozone exposure due to a presence of ozone-induced hydroxyl groups. Significant enhancement of coloration efficiency of the films is achieved as content of Zn increases. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Ozone-induced optical density change of NiO thin films and their applicability as neutral optical density filter
(2011-05-02)
Noonuruk, R.
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Wongpisutpaisan, N.
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Mukdacharoenchai, P.
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Techitdheera, W.
;
Pecharapa, W.
Nickel oxide (NiO) thin films were deposited onto glass substrates by sol-gel spin-coating technique. The coating solution was prepared by reacting nickel acetate tetrahydrate as precursor and absolute ethanol as solvent. The asdeposited films were annealed in air at 350oC. The color of the film can be changed from bleach color to be dark brownish after UV/ozone treatment. The change in optical density of more than 40% can be achieved after 5 min of treatment. The colored films can be readily recovered by thermal treatment at 150°C within 30 min. Further increasing ozone exposure time leads to greater change in optical density. The presence of ozone-induced hydroxyl groups causes the color change of the films. The unique behavior of this chromic material can be applied as novel tunable neutral optical density filters and related devices by ozone-assisted method.

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