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    Comprehensive analysis of on-sun catalytic reforming of methane with a hydroxyapatite-supported nickel catalyst in a tubular solar reactor
    (2026-07-22)
    Chuayboon, Srirat
    ;
    Kulporm, Ratikorn
    ;
    O-Thong, Sompong
    ;
    Pham Minh, Doan
    ;
    Abanades, Stéphane
    Methane reforming offers a suitable pathway for greenhouse gas utilization, but its implementation is hindered by catalyst deactivation due to carbon deposition and thermal sintering. This study shows that hydroxyapatite serves as a stable catalytic support for solar-driven dry, steam, and dual reforming. The influence of oxidizer type and concentration (H<inf>2</inf>O, CO<inf>2</inf>, H<inf>2</inf>O/CO<inf>2</inf> mixture) is experimentally investigated at 800 °C in a tubular solar reactor. A hydroxyapatite-supported nickel catalyst (Ni/HA) achieves methane conversion exceeding 95% with 95% H<inf>2</inf> and 96% CO selectivity. An excess of oxidant (oxidant/CH<inf>4</inf> mole ratio of 1.2-1.5) is recommended to promote CH<inf>4</inf> conversion, improve solar reactor performance, and prevent carbon formation and catalyst deactivation. Through sequential on-sun experimental runs, energy upgrade factor above 1.5 and solar-to-fuel efficiency over 20% are attained, demonstrating high catalytic performance stabilized by the metal dispersion on the support. Dual reforming exhibits the highest syngas yield and performance, with minimized carbon formation and H<inf>2</inf>/CO ratio approaching 2.0. Catalyst characterization (XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM/EDX) confirms high thermal/chemical stability of Ni/HA under solar heating conditions. These results demonstrate compatibility of Ni/HA catalyst with solar methane reforming, providing a high-efficiency sustainable system for converting greenhouse gases into syngas.
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    Biohydrogen production from crude glycerol by two stage of dark and photo fermentation
    (2015-06-29)
    Chookaew, Teera
    ;
    O-Thong, Sompong
    ;
    Prasertsan, Poonsuk
    Hydrogen production from crude glycerol by two-stage processes of dark fermentation using Klebsiella sp. TR17 and photo fermentation using Rhodopseudomonas palustris TN1 (Rps. palustris TN1) was investigated in batch experiments. In dark fermentation, the cumulative hydrogen production and hydrogen yield was 64.24 mmol H<inf>2</inf>/L and 5.74 mmol H<inf>2</inf>/g COD consumed, respectively with 80.21% of glycerol conversion rate. The dark fermentation effluent (DFE) was employed for photo fermentation. Effect of DFE concentrations (0-5 times dilution), with and without supplementation of yeast extract (2.3 g/L) + NaHCO<inf>3</inf> (0.63 g/L), and glutamate (2-8 mM) were optimized. The optimal conditions for hydrogen production from Rps. palustris TN1 were 5 times dilution of DFE without the supplement of yeast extract + NaHCO<inf>3</inf>, and 2 mM glutamate. Under the optimum conditions, the cumulative hydrogen production of 3.12 mmol H<inf>2</inf>/L and hydrogen yield of 0.68 mmol H<inf>2</inf>/g COD consumed was obtained. The total hydrogen yield of two-stage processes was estimated to be 6.42 mmol H<inf>2</inf>/g COD consumed which was 10.4% of the theoretical yield.