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    Solubilization and bioprecipitation of zinc oxide nanoparticles by fungi isolated from zinc sulfide mineral ores
    (2017-01-01)
    Sutjaritvorakul, Thanawat
    ;
    Chutipaijit, Sutee
    ;
    Sihanonth, Prakitsin
    Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an insoluble form, which often means less bioavailable to the organisms. Seven fungal isolates were isolated from zinc sulfide mineral ores (sphalerite) and obtained from Padaeng Industry in Tak province, Thailand. They were examined for the ability to solubilize and precipitate zinc oxide nanoparticles. Fungal isolates were grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium supplemented with 0.5% (w/v) zinc oxide nanoparticles. Among tested fungal strains, Aspergillus Niger showed the highest efficiency for solubilizing zinc oxide nanoparticles. Biomineral crystals were observed in zinc oxide nanoparticles-containing agar medium underneath colonies of Aspergillus Niger. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) studies revealed that the biomineral crystals are zinc oxalate hydrate (C<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf>Zn•2H<inf>2</inf>O). It would be suggested that this fungal strain has potential biotechnological application in agricultural practice and heavy metal bioremediation.
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    Antioxidant Properties derived from Stromata of Xylaria species collected from Tropical Forest in Thailand
    (2015-03-01)
    Orachaipunlap, Krittapong
    ;
    Suwannasai, Nuttika
    ;
    Chutipaijit, Sutee
    ;
    Whalley, Anthony J.S.
    ;
    Sihanonth, Prakitsin
    Fungi in the genus Xylaria are common wood decay fungi. They have been shown to be potential sources of novel natural products for utilization in medicine, agriculture and industry. In this study, stromata of Xylaria spp. were collected from Trat Agroforestry Research and Training Station. Fresh specimens of Xylaria spp. were cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) for 14 days and then transferred to Malt Extract Broth (MEB). All isolates were cultured under static condition for 6 weeks and extracted with ethyl acetate. Antioxidant properties of stromatic Xylaria spp. were determined in vitro by ABTS and DPPH assays. Free radical scavenging was recorded by Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) in ABTS assay and EC<inf>50</inf> in DPPH assay. The ethyl acetate extracts of four stromatic Xylaria spp. (TR25, TR34, TR46 and TR51) showed strong activities against both ABTS (TEAC 20.7±0.08, 15.16+0.03, 11 ±0.03 and 19.66±0.11 μM Trolox respectively) and DPPH assay (EC<inf>50</inf> 36.92±0.96, 70.53±1.04, 102±2.67 and 49.08 ±1.74 μL respectively). The correlation coefficients from regression analysis showed a positive correlation between total phenolic/flavonoid contents and TEAC for ABTS assay of all crudes extracted and showed a negative correlation between total phenolic/flavonoid contents and the EC<inf>50</inf> for DPPH radical scavenging. Moreover, GC/MS results are indicated the various phenolic compounds in selected crude extracts. In conclusion, cultures obtained from stromata of Xylaria spp. may have potential as natural antioxidant products.