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    The effect of different periods of aestivation on recovery and nutritional composition of Apple snail (Pomacea sp.)
    (2025-07-01)
    Srijad, S.
    ;
    Sang-In, V.
    ;
    Pilapang, K.
    ;
    Yomla, R.
    The results showed a 100% recovery of all experimental groups. The survival rate of aestivation groups (2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks) showed a significant difference, and the survival rate was 94.78±4.50, 90.82±3.11, and 88.78±2.86 percent, respectively. The average weight at the end of the experiment was 19.3±1.2, 15.1±3.7, 15.4±3. 6 and 13.8±2.9 g, respectively, which were not significantly different (P>0.05). The nutritional composition after aestivation showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in protein values among the groups. The protein value was 47.53±0.44, 51.17±0.53, 52.88±0.18, and 53.95±0.24 percent, respectively. The protein values showed an increasing trend over the aestivation period, while the fat was between 2.1-2.4 percent, and fiber was between 0.3-0.4 percent were not significantly different (P>0.05). The percentage of ash was significantly different (P<0.05), with values ranging from 17.0 to 19.4. It was shown that higher ash percentages were observed in the 4-week and 8-week groups. The percentages of NFE with values ranging from 24.1 to 33.1. Meanwhile, NFE percentages were higher in the control group and showed a decreasing trend over the study period. The percentage of calcium was significantly different (P>0.05), with values ranging from 5.6-6.7, while the percentage of phosphorus was about 0.6 percent, which was not statistically different (P>0.05). The survival rate trend of apple snails decreased with increasing aestivation period. Similarly, the body weight and NFE values decreased, but the body protein level increased.
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    Effects of Bacillus probiotics, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus dietary additional to controlling Vibriosis infection of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
    (2024-01-01)
    Wongpracha, P.
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    Kanthawong, P.
    ;
    Arun, J.
    ;
    Jeyaraj, G. P.
    ;
    Jongput, B.
    The effects of the Bacillus probiotics powder, Bacillus subtilis 7 x 10<sup>6</sup> cfu g<sup>-1</sup> and Bacillus cereus 2.5 x 10<sup>7</sup> cfu g<sup>-1</sup> via dietary additional to control vibriosis disease in white shrimp culture for 14 days were evaluated. The results indicated that good recovery in shrimp fed with probiotic (T4) and the mortality reduced (86.7%), in comparison with the group without probiotics and with pathogen, Vibrio spp. (T3). In addition, it presented lower counts of Vibrio spp. than group fed without the probiotic causing a significantly reduced pathogen. Bacillus probiotics, B. subtilis and B. cereus had a better effect on hematological shown in the total haemocyte counts (THC) of the group with probiotic and with pathogen, Vibrio spp. (T4) had the highest THC every day throughout the experiment experiment followed by the group with probiotic and without pathogen (T2) respectively. Therefore, B. subtilis and B. cereus significantly enhanced the shrimps' ability to recover from Vibrio spp. infections and enhanced the quality of their cultures.
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    The effect of Moina sp. immersion with 17alpha-methyl testosterone (17MT) on growth performances and sex reversal of Nile tilapia
    (2023-07-01)
    Pilapang, K.
    ;
    Srijad, S.
    ;
    Yomla, R.
    The results found that Moina sp. immersion with 17alpha-methyl testosterone (17MT) has a non-effect on the growth performances and non-effect on the sex reversal of Nile tilapia. The higher length, weight, and specific growth rate were found in the PC (PC: 60 mg17MT/kg mixing commercial feed) and the NC (only commercial feed without 17MT) than in other groups (50 and 100 mg17MT/l immersing Moina sp.). The length and the weight of the PC and NC groups showed no significant difference. But these groups were different from the groups of 50 and 100 mg/l. The average length of the PC, NC, 50, and 100 mg/l were displayed at 2.67±0.08, 2.86±0.17, 1.45±0.07 and 1.46±0.02 cm, respectively. The average weight of the PC, NC, 50, and 100 mg/l was displayed as 0.40±0.07, 0.51±0.08, 0.08±0.10 and 0.07±0.01 g, respectively. The highest specific growth rate was found in the NC group (2.37±0.00%). The survival rate of the NC group was not significantly different from other groups. 17MT does not affect growth performances in the larval stage. However, dried Moina sp. immersion in 17MT could be caused an effect on growth performances and sex reversal.
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    Effects of commercial feed, mulberry leaves, and mixed feed on growth in apple snails (Pomacea sp.)
    (2023-03-01)
    Srijad, S.
    ;
    Pilapang, K.
    ;
    Dimak, J.
    ;
    Yomla, R.
    This study determined the effects of different feeds on the growth performances of apple snails by using three treatments (commercial feed: CF, mulberry leaves: ML, and mixed feed: MF (commercial feed mixed with mulberry leaves). Apple snails at the age of four-five weeks were an average weight of 0.09 g/snail. These were reared in the CS which managed water circulation twice a day (one-hour morning-evening) and fed feed once an evening-day for 6 weeks. The results showed that the average weight of apple snails (Pomacea sp.) in a closed system (CS) were significantly differed (P<0.05). The highest average weight was found in the MF with 4.3+0.4 g/snail. The CF and ML groups were displayed as 2.5+0.2, and 1.8+0.1 g/snail, respectively. The average length (mm/snail) of the MF group was significantly differed (P<0.05) in the ML and CF groups. These were 23.38±1.13, 24.07±1.14, and 28.12±1.59 of average length (mm/snail) in the ML, the CF, and the MF groups, respectively. The survival rate of apple snails in the CF (91.6±5.0%), ML (99.4±0.7%), and MF (94.5±6.1%) groups was significantly differed (P<0.05) among the ML and the CF groups. The lower FCR was found at 1.16 in the CF group which significantly differed when compared to the ML (1.34) and the MF (1.34) groups. Nutrient contents (protein, fat, fiber, ash, nitrogen-free extract (NFE), calcium, and phosphorus content) were significant differences (P<0.05). The highest protein content and lowest fat content of dried weight found in the ML group were 54.3±0.06% and 3.45±0.18 % respectively. These findings indicated that the easy way to culture apple snails using the commercial feed, and the alternative way to rear apple snails could be used appreciative feeds.