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An innovative chitosan-coated aquatic feed pellets production from coastal waste using top-spray fluidized bed drying
(2026-12-01)
Maikaew, Jatuphat
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Srisang, Naruebodee
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Tambunlertchai, Supreeda
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Srisang, Siriwan
Coastal wastes such as crab shells, shrimp shells, and seaweed are rich in proteins, lipids, and bioactive compounds, making them valuable raw materials for aquafeed production. In this work, three aquatic feed pellets were developed and tested under different drying temperatures from 70 to 110 °C to evaluate the pellet durability index (PDI), specific energy consumption in water removal (SEW), and nutrient quality. The formulation containing high crab shell content showed the most balanced nutritional profile but required further improvement in mechanical strength. To address this, chitosan coating was applied using a top-spray fluidized bed system, with process conditions optimized through response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM demonstrated the optimal coating condition at a concentration of about 1.25% (w/v), a spray rate of about 32.5 mL/min, and a temperature of about 110 °C, with the lowest of drying time (DT) and specific energy consumption (SEC). The optimized coating significantly improved PDI and water solubility index while preserving nutritional balance. It also enhanced antimicrobial properties, which are desirable for feed storage. Microscopic and structural analyses confirmed good adhesion of the coating. Overall, this study demonstrates a sustainable pathway to convert coastal waste into high-quality aquafeed, offering both environmental benefits and practical value for aquaculture industries.
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Fabrication of Eco-Friendly Pineapple Leaf Fiber-Based Vegan Leather for Environmental Sustainability
(2026-01-20)
Srisang, Siriwan
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Kunyuan, Jumpon
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Hutangkoon, Thunyanat
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Eiangmee, Orranat
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Maikaew, Jatuphat
The environmental impact of synthetic leather production has raised global concerns due to its reliance on petroleum-based polymers and poor biodegradability. Therefore, the development of sustainable, eco-friendly alternatives using renewable resources has become increasingly important. A biodegradable vegan leather was developed from natural rubber and pineapple leaf fibers (PALF), with properties analyzed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The effects of fiber content (X1), compression time (X2), and compression temperature (X3) were studied on biodegradation (Y1), water absorption (Y2), and tensile strength (Y3). Results showed that all three factors significantly influenced Y1, with the predictive model demonstrating high reliability (R > 90%). The optimum condition for Y1 was X1 = 3.0 g, X2 = 70.0 min, and X3 = 110.0 C, yielding a maximum predicted biodegradation of about 21%. In contrast, the models for Y2 and Y3 were statistically unreliable (P > 0.05) due to low RÂ² values. However, Y2 passed the lack-of-fit test, suggesting an adequate model form, while Y3 failed (P < 0.05), indicating an inadequate prediction model. These findings suggest future experiments should narrow factor ranges and include additional control variables to improve the predictability of Y2 and Y3. Despite these limitations, the study highlights a sustainable alternative to conventional synthetic leather, aligning with circular economy principles and supporting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Importantly, the process is resource-efficient: from 1 kg of pineapple leaves, only 20 g of fibers is obtained, and just 75 g of PALF was used in 15 experimental runs. This minimal material requirement underscores the potential of the approach for sustainable production, while highlighting potential applications in sustainable fashion, packaging, and eco-friendly product design.
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Biodiesel Washing by the Prototype of a Biodiesel Washing Machine with Biochar
(2025-11-01)
Fonghiransiri, Surasak
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Chungcharoen, Thatchapol
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Choola-Aied, Orasa
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Srisang, Siriwan
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Srisang, Naruebodee
Currently, the prevalent technique for biodiesel washing entails the utilization of water in the purification process. Nevertheless, this method incurs substantial biodiesel loss and gives rise to wastewater, posing potential environmental consequences. Hence, this study aimed to utilize biochar for removing impurities from biodiesel by using a prototype of a biodiesel washing machine with biochar. The effects of the propeller blade number, propeller blade angle, and mixing time on the capability to eliminate impurities in biodiesel were elucidated. The results indicated that the biodiesel washing machine can increase biodiesel yield by up to 2.49% (91.54%) compared to the water washing process (89.05%). The increased propeller blade number, angle, and mixing time can improve the acidity (24.50-64.04%) and water content removal (42.61-79.56%). Consequently, this led to a decrease in density (865.85-886.83 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) and viscosity (3.997-4.321 cSt). The conditions with the best biodiesel properties were five propeller blades, a propeller blade angle of 60 degrees, and a mixing time of 30 minutes. These conditions provided the 63.88% acid removal, 79.49% water content removal, viscosity of 878.92 kg/m<sup>3</sup> and density of 4.208 cSt. Moreover, the methanol and glycerol contents were 0.02% wt. and 0.04% wt., respectively. These properties meet the ASTM 6751 and EN 14214 biodiesel standards.
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Enhanced biodiesel purification using coffee husk bioadsorbents: The role of pyrolysis temperature, KOH activation, and adsorption efficiency
(2025-05-01)
Chungcharoen, Thatchapol
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Limmun, Warunee
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Srisang, Siriwan
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Phetpan, Kittisak
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Ruttanadech, Nuttapong
This study evaluates the performance of bioadsorbents derived from coffee husk pyrolyzed at temperatures of 600, 700, and 800 °C (CH600, CH700, and CH800), along with activated CH700 (ACH700), in biodiesel purification. The results indicate that CH700 significantly enhances biodiesel purity, with optimal purification conditions achieved at a dosage of 2 wt% CH700, a stirring rate of 400 rpm, and a contact time of 45 min. CH700 demonstrated modest performance, achieving approximately 20 % removal of methanol and water. However, after activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH), ACH700 demonstrated improved efficiency, achieving 96.92 % methanol removal and 39.46 % water removal. ACH700 also refined biodiesel quality to meet EN14214 standards and maintained a higher biodiesel yield compared to other adsorbents. The bioadsorption process is influenced by the chemical interactions between the surface functional groups of the bioadsorbent and the contaminants, which is further enhanced by the optimized pore structure of ACH700. The use of ACH700 represents a novel and highly effective approach to biodiesel purification, combining both technical efficiency and economic feasibility. Furthermore, the valorization of agricultural waste adds significant environmental benefits, reinforcing the potential of ACH700 for large-scale biodiesel production.
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Preparation and evaluation of blend polymer films for wound dressing using vancomycin-loaded polycaprolactone and carboxymethyl cellulose via crosslinking methods: Effect of mechanical strength, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity
(2024-03-01)
Meedecha, Paweena
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Srisang, Naruebodee
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Eawsakul, Komgrit
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Ongtanasup, Tassanee
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Tambunlertchai, Supreeda
Polycaprolactone (PCL) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) are two materials with beneficial properties for wound healing applications. Here, the simple preparation of PCL/CMC polymer films via the crosslinking method was demonstrated for the first time. The polymer films represented the suitable properties of liquid absorption and tensile strength to be used as a wound dressing. The blend polymer films can also load the vancomycin, which prolongs the drug release for effectiveness against S. aureus. The trifluoroethanol showed less toxicity in comparison with other crosslinking agents. This process can also be applied further in other medical devices and wound healing applications.
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Rapid and accurate classification of Aspergillus ochraceous contamination in Robusta green coffee bean through near-infrared spectral analysis using machine learning
(2023-03-01)
Ruttanadech, Nuttapong
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Phetpan, Kittisak
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Srisang, Naruebodee
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Srisang, Siriwan
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Chungcharoen, Thatchapol
Near-infrared (NIR) spectral-based classification of Aspergillus ochraceous contamination in the Robusta green coffee bean was investigated. Six different learning algorithms, including linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), decision tree (Tree), Naive Bayes (NB), and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), were applied for the investigating purpose. Four classes of fungal contamination on coffee beans, non-fungal contaminated beans on day 1 and day 3 (NCB-D1 and NCB-D3) and fungal contaminated beans on day 1 and day 3 (CB-D1 and CB-D3), were set for the classification intention. Based on the 6 learning algorithms, the Tree approach was optimal, displaying a training accuracy of 97.5%. As proven by the testing dataset, the classification accuracy of the Tree was also at 97.5%. With this number, the Tree could correctly classify 100% between the contaminated and non-contaminated coffee beans. These findings exhibit the potential of the NIR spectroscopy accompanied by machine learning for the early detection of fungal contamination in green coffee beans.
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Charcoal briquette production from waste in the coffee production process using hydrothermal and torrefaction techniques: A comparative study with carbonization technique
(2022-10-20)
Srisang, Siriwan
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Phetpan, Kittisak
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Ruttanadech, Nuttapong
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Limmun, Warunee
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Youryon, Pannipa
This research aimed to study charcoal briquette production from coffee production waste, i.e., coffee parchment (CP) and coffee cherry pulp (CCP). The carbonization technique (CT) was studied in five mixtures (CP and CCP ≈ 0–90%) and three pressures (1000–1600 psi) to determine the appropriate conditions. The torrefaction technique (TT) and hydrothermal technique (HT) were subsequently performed under proper conditions from the CT to investigate further the fit temperatures (200–260 °C) and reaction times (40–120 min). The fuel characteristics were examined regarding the calorific value (CV), proximate and ultimate analyses, mechanical properties, and utilization properties. The results demonstrated the notable influence of interaction between the mixture and pressure factors and individual mixture on the fuel properties, whereas personal pressure have an insignificant effect. The ratio of CP ≈ 90% and binder ≈10% at a pressure of 1600 psi in the CT prepared appropriate fuel properties (calorific value ≈ 27 MJ/kg, fixed carbon content ≈ 65%). Interestingly, almost all conditions of the TT and HT provided greenhouse gas emissions lower than the CT. The TT and HT at 260 °C for 120 min provided high calorific values (25–26 MJ/kg) with other fuel characteristics in the acceptable standard, except for the fixed carbon content.
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An Innovative Hybrid Drying Technique for Parboiled Rice Production Without Steaming: an Appraisement of the Drying Kinetics, Attributes, Energy Consumption, and Microstructure
(2021-12-01)
Srisang, Naruebodee
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Prachayawarakorn, Somkiat
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Soponronnarit, Somchart
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Chungcharoen, Thatchapol
Hot air fluidized bed drying combined with halogen lamp drying (HAFH) is an innovative hybrid drying technique for parboiled rice production that is more effective than the traditional parboiled rice production (TPP). HAFH can eliminate the steaming process, which is a complex process with high energy consumption, and can also provide a good-quality parboiled rice. The experimental results showed that HAFH achieved faster moisture removal and a higher grain temperature than TPP and the hot air fluidized bed drying technique without a halogen lamp (HAF). The parboiled rice quality and specific energy consumption (SEC) were differently influenced by the production factors (hot air temperature and halogen power) and their interactions. However, the HAFH provides good quality attributes (degree of gelatinization, head rice yield, whiteness index, incidence of white belly, and hardness) equal to those of TPP with a lower SEC in parboiled rice production. Moreover, HAFH generated starch gelatinization both inside and outside of rice grains.
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Recycling spent bleaching earth and oil palm ash to tile production: Impact on properties, utilization, and microstructure
(2021-04-20)
Srisang, Siriwan
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Srisang, Naruebodee
Spent bleaching earth (SBE) and oil palm ash (PA) were recycled to utilize as substitute material for producing tile. The proper quantity of SBE and PA in three clay groups (40, 60, and 80% by weight) was explored combined with varying compression pressure (90, 100 and 110 bar) and firing temperature (1000 and 1100 °C). All conditions were analyzed the influence and interaction of producing factors, i.e. mixture (M), compression pressure (C), and firing temperature (F) on tile attributes. Tile utilizations (water absorption, strength, acid resistance, color and leaching heavy metal) and cost were compared with the commercial tile. The microstructures were also examined. Results found that the mixture B at high clay group provided low water absorption ≈ 5–6%, moderate TBL ≈620–630 N, low corrosion ≈0.015–0.026%, and there were cheaper cost and better utilizations than commercial tile. Mixture B detected enough quartz and mullite which provided more strength. Hence, the SBE and OPA can be utilized for tile production with the tile properties agreed with industrial standard.
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Preparation and characterization of fuel briquettes made from dual agricultural waste: Cashew nut shells and areca nuts
(2020-05-20)
Chungcharoen, Thatchapol
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Srisang, Naruebodee
The purpose of this work was fuel briquettes production from cashew nut shells (CNS) and areca nut shells (ANS) with the operating parameters of the compressed screw speed (70 and 90 rpm), the mixture of CNS, ANS, and cassava flour (binder) in the unit by weight percent (6 proportions), and the CNS size (small and large). The effects of these parameters on the production rate, mechanical properties (hardness and porosity), and fuel properties, i.e., moisture content (MC), calorific value (CV), volatile matter content (VM), ash content (AC), fixed carbon content (FC), and combustion rate (CR), were investigated. The fuel application for cooking was evaluated with the flame temperature (FT), water boiling test (WBT), thermal efficiency (TE), and greenhouse gases (GHG) emission. Experimental results showed that the speed had the most effect on the production rate, while the CR got the least effect from all parameters compared to the other properties. The briquette should be produced using small CNS with the mixture of CNS 65%, ANS 25% and, cassava flour 10% (by weight) at speed of 90 rpm which provided the high production rate together with satisfying fuel properties, unless the CR was low. The fuel briquette showed the potential for cooking in acceptable level with the low GHG emission.

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