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CHARACTERIZING THE DENSITY AND TYPE OF LEAF TRICHOMES IN TOMATO FOR RESISTANCE TO YELLOW LEAF CURL DISEASE
(2025-10-01)
Earsakul, S.
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Pornsopin, N.
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Techawongstien, S.
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Lapjit, C.
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Jeeatid, N.
Global tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production faces a major threat of tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD), transmitted by the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). However, the resistance to TYLCD can gain enhancement by managing the vector. In tomatoes, the trichomes act as physical barriers against whiteflies. Developing tomato cultivars with specific trichome types in higher density works as a promising alternative to insecticides. The presented study investigated the relationship between trichome types, their density, and resistance to TYLCD by inoculating the cultivated tomatoes with the whitefly transmission method. The trichomes’ analysis also succeeded under a compound light microscope, aiding the selection of cultivars with high trichome density and TYLCD resistance. A negative correlation appeared between the glandular trichome type VI density and TYLC virus (TYLCV) resistance. Highly resistant tomato accessions (KKU-T23157, KKU-T23160, KKU-T23163, and KKU-T23164) and moderately resistant accessions (KKU-T23152, KKU-T23154, and KKU-T23172) displayed all five types of trichomes, with type VI density of 32–55/mm² and 32.67–42/mm², respectively. Susceptible tomato cultivars had only three trichome types, with type VI density of 9–19/mm². The presence of high glandular trichome type VI density, Ty-2, and Ty-3 resistance genes contributed to the TYLCD resistance. These selected tomato cultivars proved valuable for future tomato breeding programs.
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Evaluation of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) progressive lines for resistance against Colletotrichum capsici and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
(2024-09-01)
Subpang, N.
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Pornsopin, N.
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Earsakul, S.
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Techawongstien, S.
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Falab, S.
Anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) is a devastating disease that affects the production of chili all over the world. Colletotrichum spp. with strong pathogenicity include C. capsici and C. gloeosporioides, which can infect both immature and mature pepper fruit and cause significant economic losses for the chili industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the progressive lines of chili for resistance to anthracnose disease. The experiments were carried out by a completely random design (CRD) with three replications and five fruits per replication. In this experiment, 30 progressive lines of chili with different resistant genetic sources (PBC932 and PBC80) and one susceptible cultivar were inoculated with C. capsici and C. gloeosporioides into the two chili fruit stages (green and ripe mature) by microinjection technique. The disease severity was evaluated by lesion diameter seven days after inoculation. Based on their resistance level to two Colletotrichum species at the two fruit stages, the result showed that all progressive lines were classified into eight groups. Five progressive lines, i.e., AT1-1, AT2-3, AT3-1, AT5-2, and AT6-1, were highly resistant (HR) to two Colletotrichum species at both mature fruit stages. Therefore, five progressive lines should be used as high potential lines for improving new varieties with high resistance to anthracnose disease.
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Evaluation of processing tomato resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and detecting Ty-2 and Ty-3 resistance genes with SCAR-markers
(2024-09-01)
Earsakul, S.
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Pornsopin, N.
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Techawongstien, S.
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Lapjit, C.
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Jeeatid, N.
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is the major yield losing viral disease in both the vegetative and reproductive stages of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tomato for resistance to TYLCV and good agronomic traits. In this experiment, yield and yield components of 25 accessions were evaluated in field conditions and compared with one resistant and one susceptible cultivar during the dry season (October 2021-February 2022). The randomized complete block design with three replications and 10 plants of each was designed. The plant was inoculated with TYLCV by whitefly transmission, and the resistance genes (Ty-2 and Ty-3) were examined using two molecular markers. The result showed that three tomato accessions, i.e., KKU-T23157, KKU-T23160, and KKUT23164 were discovered to share the same resistance gene (Ty-2 and Ty-3) as the resistance check cultivar and showed disease responses ranging from resistance (R) to high resistance (HR). Moreover, all three accessions (KKU-T23157, KKU-T23160, and KKU-T23164) showed high yields and yield components, i.e., yield (3.18, 3.74, and 3.38 kg plant-1), fruit weight (137.14, 126.71, and 136.91 g fruit-1), firmness (5.00, 5.00, and 0.49 N), and the flesh thickness (8.53, 8.62, and 5.96 mm), respectively. This information will offer a supportive direction for tomato breeders to develop TYLCV-resistant cultivars.
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Characterization of floral bud and anther development with stages of microspore in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum)
(2023-01-01)
Jaingulueam, T.
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Suwor, P.
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Saetiew, K.
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Tsai, W. S.
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Techawongstien, S.
Anther culture can be used as a tool in breeding to shorten the time compared with the traditional method. Anther culture can produce double haploid plants quickly, hence saving cost and labor. The success of this technique depends on the use of microspores at optimum developmental stages. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine the correlation between the day after flower formation (DAF), flower bud (FB) size, anther length, and microspore developmental stages in seven chili F1 hybrids. All parameters were observed at 0 to 10 DAF on three flowers per replication, three replications per cross. The study revealed a strong positive correlation between DAF and microspore developmental stages, with almost all crosses showing that 3 to 5 DAF correlated with the uninucleate stage. Moreover, a strong correlation was observed between petal/calyx ratio and the microspore developmental stages. However, we found overlapping stages of microspore in each stage and different cultivars showed a difference in FB size, anther length, and characteristics of anthers. Thus, for chili pepper, DAF could be used to effectively predict microspore development.
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Gene actions of resistance to anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum) of six F1 hybrid chili cultivars at the mature green fruit stage
(2023-01-01)
Sangarun, P.
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Suwor, P.
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Saetiew, K.
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Tsai, W. S.
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Techawongstien, S.
Anthracnose is an economically important fungal disease affecting the yield and fruit quality of chili in the tropics. This study aimed to assess the anthracnose disease reaction in six hybrid chili pepper cultivars compared with their parental lines. Two male resistant lines were crossed with three commercial female parents by North Carolina mating design II. All chili genotypes were grown in the greenhouse in a randomized complete block design with three replications, 10 plants each. Five mature green fruit plant-1 were harvested and inoculated with C. acutatum by using the microinjection method. ANT4 had smaller lesions than ANT10. Additionally, the F1-hybrids derived from ANT4 showed smaller disease lesions (7.47-9.82 mm) than on those derived from ANT10 (9.40-11.04 mm). However, the percentage heterosis of anthracnose disease traits in ‘Jindanil 80’ (JD) and ANT4 gave the lowest value to other parents. Hybrid JD × ANT4 showed the lowest anthracnose lesion size. However, the heterosis of cross the NM × ANT10 was the most negative at -43.68. The mode of gene action was found to be additive rather than involving dominant effects, with a narrow-sense heritability of 50.9% and broad sense heritability of 70.1%. Therefore, the resistant parent ANT4 cultivar is crucial for use as a resistant elite line for producing good F1 hybrid tolerance to anthracnose disease.
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Phenols and peroxidase activity in Pepper yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (PepYLCThV) resistant and susceptible chili (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes
(2020-07-01)
Kingkampang, H.
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Teerarak, M.
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Kramchote, S.
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Techawongstien, S.
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Suwor, P.
Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is most commonly cultivated species. Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PepYLCV) causes serious leaf curl disease of chili. In order to understand plant defence mechanism to PepYLCV disease, the study reported a response of total phenols and peroxidase activity in two contrasting pepper genotypes (resistant and susceptible) against PepYLCThV. The total phenolic content of uninoculated plants in susceptible genotype (KKUP31118) showed higher value than resistance genotype (9853-123) at both stages. However, the amount of total phenolic content in resistant genotypes was increased in juvenile and mature leaves in response to inoculation with PepYLCThV. In case of susceptible one, it was decreased as compared to uninoculated control. On the other hand, the peroxidase activity in chilli genotypes and at different stage of leaves was increased every week after inoculation and increased as a comparison to uninoculated plants. Hence, our finding suggested that the total phenols may act as defence mechanism in resistant genotype 9853-123.
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Responses of hot pepper (Capsicum Chinense Jacq.) cultivars to different container sizes for capsaicinoid production under controlled house conditions
(2018-12-01)
Jeeatid, N.
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Techawongstien, S.
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Suwor, P.
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Chanthai, S.
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Bosland, P. W.
This study was to investigate the effects of container size on capsaicinoid production of hot pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) cultivars under controlled house conditions. This experiment was conducted in the rainy season during the period from May to October 2015 and the dry season from October 2015 to March 2016. A factorial experiment in a randomize complete block design with three replications evaluated growth traits, the capsaicinoid production and its components. Factor A was two hot pepper cultivars, and factor B was three container sizes, i.e., 8 liter (L), 15 L and 21 L. Plant growth, dry fruit yield, capsaicinoid content, and capsaicinoid yield were recorded. The growing season affected all characteristics studied. Hot peppers grown in the rainy season had higher plant growth, dry fruit yield, and capsaicinoid yield than those plants grown in the dry season. Whereas, hot pepper fruits in the dry season contained more capsaicinoid content than those in the rainy season. Capsaicinoid yield of hot pepper depended on cultivars and the container size. Akanee Pirote grown in 21 L container produced the highest dry fruit yield (192 g/plant) and capsaicinoid yield (4,287 mg plant-1) in both seasons. These results show that C. chinense F<inf>1</inf> hybrid with high pungency grown in a particular container size should be used to maximize the capsaicinoid production for food and pharmaceutical industries.

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