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    Biodegradable antibacterial food packaging based on carboxymethyl cellulose from sugarcane bagasse/cassava starch/chitosan/gingerol extract stabilized silver nanoparticles (Gin-AgNPs) and vanillin as cross-linking agent
    (2025-02-28)
    Plaeyao, Kittiya
    ;
    Talodthaisong, Chanon
    ;
    Yingyuen, Worapol
    ;
    Kaewbundit, Ramet
    ;
    Tun, Wonn Shweyi Thet
    The increasing issue of plastic waste necessitates improved solutions, and biodegradable food packaging is a promising alternative to traditional plastic. In this study, we prepared packaging films using cassava starch (CV), chitosan (CT) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), with glycerol as a plasticizer. However, these films require modifications to enhance their mechanical properties. Therefore, we modified the films by adding vanillin as the crosslinking agent and gingerol extract stabilized silver nanoparticles. The films were fabricated using the film-casting method and characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA, mechanical property test, biodegradability test, anti-bacterial test and food packaging evaluation test. Among these films, CT/CV/V/CMC/Gin-AgNPs1 exhibited superior mechanical properties and demonstrated excellent anti-bacterial property both for gram-positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria and biodegradability, losing over <inf>50%</inf> of its weight after 21 days of burial in soil and effectively preserved grapes at 4 °C for 21 days.
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    Innovative mycoremediation technique for treating unsterilized PCDD/F-contaminated field soil and the exploration of chlorinated metabolites
    (2021-11-15)
    Kaewlaoyoong, Acharee
    ;
    Chen, Jenq Renn
    ;
    Cheng, Chih Yu
    ;
    Lin, Chitsan
    ;
    Cheruiyot, Nicholas Kiprotich
    Mycoremediation of unsterilized PCDD/F-contaminated field soil was successfully demonstrated by solid-state fermentation coupled with Pleurotus pulmonarius utilizing a patented incubation approach. The experiments were carried out in four setups with two as controls. The contaminated soil was homogenously mixed with solid inocula, 1:0.5 dry w/w, resulting in an initial concentration of 4432 ± 623 ng WHO-TEQ kg<sup>−1</sup>. After a 30-day incubation under controlled conditions, the overall removal (approx. 60%) was non-specific. The removal was attributed to degradation by extracellular ligninolytic enzymes and uptake into the fruiting tissue (~110 ng WHO-TEQ kg<sup>−1</sup> of mushroom). Furthermore, less recalcitrant chlorinated metabolites were found, implying ether bond cleavage and dechlorination happened during the mycoremediation. These metabolites resulted from the complex interaction between P. pulmonarius and the indigenous microbes from the unsterilized soil. This study provides a new step toward scaling up this mycoremediation technique to treat unsterilized PCDD/F-contaminated field soil.