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    Optimization of Gelatin Fibrous Scaffold Properties by PCL and CMC by Using Electrospinning Technique
    (2025-01-01)
    Meesa, Banpot
    ;
    Klongboonjit, Sakon
    This study aimed to utilize the electrospinning process to produce cell culture scaffolds from blends of gelatin-polycaprolactone and carboxymethyl cellulose. The experimental design involved determining the optimal voltage and feed rate for various ratios of the gelatin-polycaprolactone-carboxymethyl cellulose blends, including 100/0/0, 90/5/5, 80/15/5, 70/25/5, and 60/35/5. Gelatin served as the primary raw material at a 10% ratio, while polycaprolactone was added at 10%, and carboxymethyl cellulose acted as a strengthening agent at 0.8%. The solvent used for gelatin and polycaprolactone was 2,2,2 -trifluoroethanol, while water was used for carboxymethyl cellulose. The raw materials were thoroughly mixed to ensure homogeneity, and the resulting blend was processed by an electrospinning machine under various conditions to form nanofiber scaffolds. The workpieces were then dried and left to relax for 48 hours before being baked at 140°C for 72 hours, resulting in high-quality fiber material. The experiment revealed that the fiber sizes ranged from 1.5 μm to 5.2 μm, with the swelling ratio of the GPC60:35:5 mixture at 11.65%, confirming the feasibility of using electrospinning to create effective scaffolds for cell culture applications.
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    Electrospinning of Nanofibers Effect of Gelatin by Polycaprolactone and Carboxymethyl Cellulose Degradation Characteristics
    (2025-01-01)
    Meesa, Banpot
    ;
    Klongboonjit, Sakon
    This study aims to investigate the degradation of gelatin-based polycaprolactone and carboxymethyl cellulose scaffolds produced through the electrospinning technique for nanofiber scaffolds. The experimental design varies the voltage and feed rate for different ratios of gelatin, polycaprolactone, cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose, which are 100/0/0, 90/5/5, 80/15/5, 70/25/5, and 60/35/5, respectively. An organic solvent, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, which is a suitable solvent for gelatin, polycaprolactone, and carboxymethyl cellulose, is used, though the materials are dissolved in water to prepare the raw material for electrospinning. To characterize the scaffolds, their physical properties are analyzed, including fiber morphology and size, using scanning electron microscopy. The results reveal that as the polycaprolactone content increases from 0%, 5%, 15%, 25%, to 35%, with carboxymethyl cellulose maintained at 0% or 5%, the fiber size decreases from 1.5 μm to 5.2 μm. This suggests that electrospinning is effective for fabricating scaffolds from all three materials. Furthermore, the decomposition rates are optimized for GPC90/5/5, GPC80/15/5, and GPC70/25/5, which completely decompose within 36 hours. Additionally, GPC80/15/5 shows a good degradation rate, while GPC100/0/0 and GPC60/35/5 exhibit rapid degradation.
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    Consecutive bacterial cellulose production by luffa sponge enmeshed with cellulose microfibrils of Acetobacter xylinum under continuous aeration
    (2021-01-01)
    Krusong, Warawut
    ;
    Pothimon, Ruttipron
    ;
    China, Salvatore La
    ;
    Thompson, Anthony Keith
    The bacterial cellulose production (BCP) process, using cellulose microfibrils (CM) of Acetobacter xylinum enmeshed on luffa sponge matrices (LSM) as LSM-CM starter, has been successfully developed where the LSM-CM production process can be recycled through consecutive cycles in limited dissolved oxygen (DO) under continuous aeration. In this study, incremental aeration rates impacted the consecutive cycles. Gluconic acid production, during the process, resulting in the reduction of BCP, was increasingly generated at high aeration from 0.28 to 0.34% at 3 L/min to 0.83–0.97% and 1.52–1.99% at 6 and 9 L/min after 7 d culture at 30 ± 2 °C. To compensate for the negative impact of aeration, 0.10 and 0.15% (w/v) carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was found to create a microenvironment for recycled LSM-CM at both high aeration (6 and 9 L/min, respectively). Under nine consecutive BCP cycles, acceptable BC yields (from 5.54 ± 0.5 to 5.89 ± 0.5 g/L) were associated with high biomass at 6 L/min aeration. These results confirm that LSM-CM, combined with CMC called as LSM-CM-CMC, created microenvironments low in DO under high aeration rates and that the recycled LSM-CM-CMC with aeration is an alternative, sustainable, economic process that could be applied for mass BCP.