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    Mechanism of biochar soil pore–gas–water interaction: gas properties of biochar-amended sandy soil at different degrees of compaction using KNN modeling
    (2020-02-01)
    Garg, Ankit
    ;
    Huang, He
    ;
    Kushvaha, Vinod
    ;
    Madhushri, Priyanka
    ;
    Kamchoom, Viroon
    Soil compaction has contrasting effect on soil strength (i.e., positive) and vegetation growth (i.e., negative), respectively. Biochar has been utilized mostly in combination with soils in both agricultural fields (i.e., loose soils) and geo-structures (i.e., dense soil slopes, landfill cover) for improving water retention due to its microporous structure. Biochar is also found to be useful to reduce gas permeability in compacted soil recently. However, the efficiency of biochar in reducing gas permeability in loose and dense soils is rarely understood. The objective of this study is to analyze effects of compaction on gas permeability in soil at different degrees of compaction (i.e., 65%, 80% and 95%) and also different biochar amendment contents (0%, 5% and 10%). Another aim is to identify relative significance of parameters (soil suction, water content, biochar content and compaction) in affecting gas permeability. Experiments were conducted before applying k-nearest neighbor (KNN) modeling technique for identifying relative significance of parameters. Biochar was synthesized from a coastal invasive species (water hyacinth), which has relatively no influence on food chain (as unlike in biochar produced from biomass such as rice husk, straw, peanut shell). Based on measurements and KNN modeling, it was found that gas permeability of biochar-amended soil is relatively lower than that of soil without amendment. It was found from KNN model that for denser soils, higher amount of soil suction is mobilized for a significant increase in gas permeability as compared to loose soils. Among all parameters, soil suction is found to be most influential in affecting gas permeability followed by water content and compaction.
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    Measuring the impact of tractor trailers on soil compaction for typical sugarcane-haulage operations in Thailand
    (2017-04-01)
    Thungsotanon, Dithaporn
    ;
    Usaborisut, Prathuang
    ;
    Kuson, Pramote
    ;
    Kulketwong, Chompoonud
    ;
    Abdullakasim, Wanrat
    Mechanization associated with operations in sugarcane production may lead to severe soil compaction. Soils may be particularly susceptible during harvesting and transport of sugarcane from the fields. A tractor towing a trailer can be a useful mean of sugarcane transport even in moist soil, but this can lead to soil compaction. In this study, the influence of tractor traffic when towing two types of trailers, i.e. a full-trailer (one on the front and two axles tandem on the rear) and a semitrailer (two axles tandem), were studied. The results showed that after the passage of a tractortowed trailer, soil bulk density in the test field was increased significantly. The passage of a tractor-towed trailer increased the penetration resistance to more than 3 MPa. The effect of a vehicle passage could reach to soil depths exceeding 45 cm, and increased as axle load increased. Analysis of the soil stresses indicated that the soil had been subjected not only to the compression stress but also the shear stress. The maximum principal stress (s1) generated by a tractor-towed semi-trailer was high. Further study should determine the thresholds for carried weight on different soil conditions in order to avoid excessive soil compaction.