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    Item type:Publication,
    Fundamental study of carbon materials from empty fruit bunch via hydrothermal carbonization with H3PO4 and naoh activation
    (2020-01-01)
    Guntagerng, Kanogpan
    ;
    Panomsuwan, Gasidit
    ;
    Fuji, Masayoshi
    ;
    Eiad-ua, Apiluck
    Lignocellulosic biomass has great potential as an energy source or feedstock for further conversion. Empty fruit bunches (EFBs) were agricultural waste materials from palm oil production. In this research, we aim to study the morphology of hydrochars derived from EFBs via hydrothermal treatments with phosphoric acid (H<inf>3</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) activation at different concentrations (i.e., 0.5, 0.7, and 1 M) at 200°C for 12 h, followed by carbonization at 700°C under nitrogen atmosphere for 2 h. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and specific surface analysis. After carbonization, the hydrochar activated by 1.0 M H<inf>3</inf>PO<inf>4</inf> possessed the highest surface area of 590 m<sup>2</sup>/g with the dominance of micropores. Hydrothermal carbonization with acid-base activation showed an effective method in preparing high porous activated carbon from EFB.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Fundamental study of carbon materials derived from empty fruit bunch via hydrothermal carbonization
    (2018-11-01)
    Guntagerng, Kanogpan
    ;
    Panomsuwan, Gasidit
    ;
    Eiad-Ua, Apiluck
    The utilization of biomass has recently gained great attention in recent years owing to growth of global environmental concerns. The aim of this work is to study the morphology of carbon materials derived from biomass oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at different temperatures (160-200 °C) and times (4-12 h) followed by carbonization at 300-900 °C under nitrogen atmosphere for 2 h. The physiochemical properties of carbon sample were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and surface area analysis. The results demonstrated that the increase of hydrothermal temperature, hydrothermal time, and carbonization temperature resulted in the formation of carbon materials with higher surface area, porosity and carbon content. Our results revealed that carbon derived from EFB via HTC at optimal condition exhibited porous structure with high surface area, which can be further applied for absorbent applications.