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Sustainable Active Packaging: Essential Oil-Enhanced Rice Starch Film for Preserving Fried Foods
(2025-12-01)
Chysirichote, Teerin
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Khanthong, Thitirat
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Khampanin, Nonthiya
This study develops a biodegradable, edible packaging film made from acetylated rice starch and enhanced with essential oils (EOs) to improve food preservation. Three EOs, including ginger, holy basil, and lemongrass, were selected for their well-documented antimicrobial and antioxidant activities as well as their relevance to regional culinary applications. The combination of EO-based antimicrobial properties with modified starch extended the shelf life of a typical fried food. The effects of acetylation at degrees of substitution (DS) of 1.0, 1.8, and 3.0 on the film’s physical, mechanical, and barrier properties were investigated. The film with DS 1.8 exhibited optimal properties, including low water solubility (15.3 %), low water vapor permeability (10 × 10⁻¹¹ g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹·Pa⁻¹), and high flexibility and tensile strength. The optimized acetylated rice starch film (ARSF) with the selected EOs was then evaluated for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Among the tested oils, lemongrass EO showed the strongest antibacterial and antifungal activities, supporting its emphasis as the most promising candidate for improving product shelf life. Predictive modeling demonstrated that the application of the optimized EO-enhanced ARSF (EO-ARSF) significantly prolonged the shelf life of pork crackling stored at 30 °C, increasing it from 37.8 days with ARSF alone to 57.7 days with EO-ARSF. These results emphasize the attractiveness of EO-ARSF, particularly lemongrass-enriched films, as a sustainable, industrially applicable packaging material for fried foods, combining functional preservation properties with eco-friendly design.
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Anti-oral streptococci and anti-biofilm properties of Etlingera pavieana essential oil and its bioactive compounds proposed for an alternative herbal mouthwash
(2024-05-30)
Wongsariya, Karn
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Lapirattanakul, Jinthana
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Chewchinda, Savita
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Kanchanadumkerng, Pimpikar
Oral streptococci are the major group of bacteria in the oral cavity. Some of their species cause oral diseases that may lead to tooth loss and quality-of-life reduction, such as dental caries. One of prevention techniques to promote oral health is rinsing mouthwash after toothbrushing. This study aimed to determine the potential uses of local food, also remedy, plant in Thailand called Reaw-Horm or Etlingera pavieana for alternative herbal mouthwash. The essential oil from E. pavieana rhizome (Eo) is used for anti-streptococci including Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus and anti-biofilm activities. The main components of Eo are methyl chavicol (MC) and trans-anethole (TA). The disk diffusion method showed the inhibition zone of Eo in a dose-dependent manner. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Eo and TA was >1.6 % v/v, and 0.4 % v/v of MC. Regarding anti-biofilm activities, MC showed nearly equal anti-biofilm formation of S. mutans and S. sobrinus, whereas Eo and TA acted toward S. sobrinus more than S. mutans biofilm. Sub-MIC killing effects on cells under biofilm were observed in Eo and MC. Therefore, MC was recommended as an active compound for anti-streptococci activities. Biocompatibility of Eo and MC were shown to be safe for epidermal cell lines. Herbal mouthwashes containing Eo were developed and had antioxidant and antimicrobial actions with established for 3 months. This study provides in vitro support on the use of herbal mouthwash with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities for dental caries prevention and well-being of individuals.
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Cymbopogon citratus L. essential oil as a potential anti-biofilm agent active against antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from chronic rhinosinusitis patients
(2024-01-01)
Khosakueng, Mintra
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Taweechaisupapong, Suwimol
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Boonyanugomol, Wongwarut
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Prapatpong, Pornpan
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Wongkaewkhiaw, Saharut
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is long-term inflammation of the sinuses that can be caused by infection due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Biofilm developed by microbes is postulated to cause antibiotic treatment failure. Thus, the anti-biofilm activities of seven Thai herbal essential oils (EOs) against antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from CRS patients was investigated. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus L.) EO showed the most effective antibiofilm activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis grown as biofilm. GC-MS analysis found that myrcene was the major bioactive compound. Pretreatment with lemongrass EO significantly inhibited biofilm formation of all bacterial strains in more than 50% of cases. Furthermore, confocal microscopy analysis revealed the biofilm-disrupting activity of lemongrass EO against the biofilm matrix of all these bacterial species and also increased P. aeruginosa swarming motility with no toxicity to human cells. These results suggest that lemongrass EO has promising clinical applications as an anti-biofilm agent for CRS patients.
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The effect of microfludization on characteristics and herbicidal potential of peppermint nanoemulsion on Amaranthus tricolor
(2024-01-01)
Dimak, J.
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Somala, N.
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Laosinwattana, C.
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Teerarak, M.
The natural herbicides are friendly environment and human health. Peppermint essential oil nanoemulsion was prepared by a high-energy emulsification method using microfluidization with a non-ionic surfactant Tween 60 and was used to inhibit germination of Amaranthus tricolor seeds. Droplet size of the nanoemulsion was reduced by increasing the pressure of microfluidization from 5000 to 20000 psi (from 130.2 to 69.8 nm). The highest pressure (20000 psi) found the smallest droplet size of the nanoemulsion that droplet size, PI value, and zeta potential were 69.8 nm, 0.277, and -44.17 mV, respectively. Also, each pressure formulation (5000, 10000, 15000, and 20000 psi) was evaluated for the pre-emergence herbicidal activities namely inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth, seed imbibition, and a-amylase of Amaranthus tricolor seed. The obtained results of herbicidal activities correlated with droplet size that the herbicidal activities increased when increasing the pressure of microfluidization. The nanoemulsion formulation of pressure at 20000 psi treatment solution showed the highest herbicidal activities. Thus, these results may promote the optimized nanoemulsion from peppermint essential oil using a microfluidization method as a natural pre-emergence herbicide to inhibit seed germination and seedling growth of A. tricolor.
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Toxicity of Litsea petiolata Hook.f. essential oil against Aedes aegypti (Linn.), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say)
(2022-09-01)
Puwanard, C.
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Moungthipmalai, T.
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Soonwera, M.
This study evaluated the oviposition deterrent, ovicidal, larvicidal, pupicidal, and adulticidal activities of essential oil (EO) from Litsea petiolata leaves against Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles minimus and Culex quinquefasciatus with double choice, dipping, and contact assays. Litsea petiolata EO was tested at 1, 5, and 10% concentrations in ethanol and their efficiencies were compared with those of 1% w/w temephos and 10 % w/v cypermethrin. Oviposition deterrent was evaluated on gravid females. Larvicidal and pupicidal activities were tested on the fourth larvae and 2-day-old pupae. The adulticidal activity was tested against two-day-old adult females. Ten percent of L. petiolata EO exhibited the highest oviposition deterrent activity against gravid females and 100% repellency against Ae. albopictus and An. minimus, 97.0% against Ae. aegypti and 94.6% against Cx. quinquefasciatus. The oviposition activity index (OAI) against females of those four mosquito species ranged from -0.9 to -1.0. Ten percent of L. petiolata EO also exhibited the highest ovicidal activity against the eggs of the four mosquito species, with an inhibition rate ranging from 87.2 to 100%. Moreover, it also showed the highest larvicidal and puicidal activities against the larvae and pupae of the four mosquito species, with a 100% mortality rate at 10 and 60 min, respectively. The adulticidal activity was recorded at 1 and 24h. Ten percent of L. petiolata EO exhibited the highest toxicity to female adults of the four mosquito species, with 100% knockdown (1h) and mortality (24h) rates. On the other hand, 1%w/w temephos did not deter gravid females, and it was only slightly toxic to the eggs and larvae and non-toxic to the pupae. In the same manner, 10%w/v cypermethrin was less effective against the female adults of the four mosquito species than 10% L.petiolata EO. L.petiolata EO is a highly effective and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic insecticides.
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Insecticidal synergy of essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf.), Myristica fragrans (Houtt.), and Illicium verum Hook. f. and their major active constituents
(2021-06-01)
Aungtikun, Jirapon
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Soonwera, Mayura
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Sittichok, Sirawut
This study attempted to find safe and effective green insecticidal agents against Musca domestica L., which is a major public health pest in tropical and subtropical countries that have already developed resistance to synthetic pesticides. Plant essential oil-based insecticides are new, effective, and eco-friendly alternatives. Today, they are a housefly control method of choice. The study evaluated the insecticidal effect against M. domestica adults of essential oils (EOs) from Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf.), Illicium verum Hook. f., and Myristica fragrans (Houtt.) as well as their major active chemical constituents. Formulations of these individual and combined compounds were evaluated to see whether they were synergistic against M. domestica. Chemical compositions of these EOs were also analyzed by GC–MS. The major constituent of C. citratus was found to be geranial (45.4 %); that of I. verum was trans-anethole (94.0 %), and that of M. fragrans was α-pinene (21.6 %). Formulation CB3 (0.5 % I. verum EO + 0.5 % geranial) exhibited the highest synergistic effect (SI = 0.04), with 100 % knockdown and mortality rates, a 50 % knockdown time (KT<inf>50</inf>) of 4.0 min, and a 50 % lethal time (LT<inf>50</inf>) of 6.0 min. CB3 was more effective than 1% w/v cypermethrin, followed by CB5 (0.5 % M. fragrans EO + 0.5 % geranial), CB7 (0.5 % α-pinene + 0.5 % geranial), and CB8 (0.5 % geranial + 0.5 % trans-anethole). To conclude, some formulations of combined C. citratus, I. verum, and M. fragrans were strongly synergistic against M. domestica and more effective than cypermethrin. Moreover, since they have been long used as natural food ingredients and in traditional medicine, they are also safe for humans, non-target organisms, and the environment.
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Chemical composition and herbicidal action of essential oil from Tagetes erecta L. leaves
(2018-12-15)
Laosinwattana, Chamroon
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Wichittrakarn, Pattharin
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Teerarak, Montinee
Plant derived substances, particularly essential oils have been an increasing interest in their safe and environmentally-friendly application to crops, as a powerful alternative to chemical herbicides. The present investigation studied the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from Tagetes erecta L. and evaluated its herbicidal activities (pre-and post-emergence) against Echinochloa cruss-galli (L.) Beauv. The yield of essential oil from T. erecta was 0.72 mg.kg−1 fresh weight. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to determine essential oil chemical composition. Relatively high amounts of monoterpines were detected, consisting mainly of piperitone (17.12%), piperitenone (10.46), and ocimine (8.59%); identified sesquiterpenoids consisted mainly of neophytadiene (16.18%) and caryophyllene (11.10%). The essential oil was formulated as emulsifiable concentrate (EC-EO) for herbicidal applications. Seed germination and seedling growth of E. crus-galli was determined by Petri dish bioassay for EC-EO concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 2 mL.L−1. At 2 mL.L−1, the EC-EO completely inhibited germination and growth of E. crus-galli seed due to the inhibition of α-amylase activity. Post-emergence application of EC-EOs was also tested, with concentrations of 10 to 80 mL.L−1 foliar applied to 21-day-old E. crus-galli plants. The leaves of treated plants appeared wilted and desiccated. Increasing concentrations of oil decreased chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoid content, indicating that the EC-EO interferes with photosynthetic metabolism. The EC-EOs also caused loss of membrane integrity and increase of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Taken together, these results indicate that the T. erecta essential oil has phytotoxic compounds that could be utilized as natural herbicides for future weed control.
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Potential of Melodorum fruticosum Lour. essential oil against aflatoxigenic Aspergillus strains
(2018-01-01)
Sukcharoen, O.
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Sirirote, P.
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Thanaboripat, D.
The essential oil from Melodorum fruticosum Lour was investigated for an inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth, sporulation and production of aflatoxin B1 by Aspergillus flavus IMI 242684 and Aspergillus parasiticus IMI 283883. Essential oil of Melodorum fruticosum Lour. obtained by hydrodistillation extraction, significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited both sporulation and aflatoxin production by these two Aspergillus strains and also reduced mycelial growth. Essential oil of Melodorum fruticosum Lour. at 1000 ppm showed the inhibition activities on mycelial growth ( > 50 %) more than sporulation and aflatoxin B1 production by poison food technique. The IC50 of mycelial growth, sporulation and aflatoxin production were 812.64- 826.61 ppm, 1,358.59-1,412.43 ppm and 1,043.84-1,302.08 ppm, respectively.
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Control of aflatoxigenic strains by Cinnamomum porrectum essential oil
(2017-08-01)
Sukcharoen, Oratai
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Sirirote, Pramote
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Thanaboripat, Dusanee
Essential oil from the bark of Cinnamomum porrectum (Roxb.) Kosterm was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type system for 3 h and identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The compounds were safrole (93.9%), elemicine (4.3%) and methyl eugenol (1.7%). The effect of essential oil on mycelial growth, sporulation, and aflatoxin B1 production of Aspergillus parasiticus IMI 283883 and Aspergillus flavus IMI 242684 was evaluated using contact and vapor treatments. Aflatoxin B1 was determined using the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that C. porrectum (Roxb.) Kosterm essential oil at concentrations more than 200 ppm exhibited inhibition effect on mycelial growth, sporulation, and aflatoxin B1 production of both Aspergillus strains as compared with control. The fumigation activities via vapor treatment showed higher inhibition than contact treatment. This study suggests that C. porrectum (Roxb.) Kosterm essential oil represents a good alternative in eco-friendly control of aflatoxigenic strain on food and agricultural commodities.
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Oviposition deterrent and ovicidal activities of seven herbal essential oils against female adults of housefly, Musca domestica L.
(2014-01-01)
Sinthusiri, Jirisuda
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Soonwera, Mayura
The oviposition deterrent and ovicidal of seven herbal essential oils derived from Citrus sinensis, Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus glubulus, Illicium verum, Lavandula angustifolia, Mentha piperita, and Zingiber cussumunar were assessed against the gravid female of housefly, Musca domestica L., under laboratory conditions and compared with commercial insecticide (10 % w/v cypermethrin). They were assayed at three concentrations (1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 %) where plastic cups containing 1 ml of desired oil concentration and cotton pad soaked with 10 ml of milk solution (10 % w/v) were used as oviposition substrate. The 0.1 ml of deferent concentrations was dropped on ten housefly eggs, which were used for ovicidal activity. The number of eggs laid and the hatched larvae in each cup was recorded to evaluate the oviposition deterrent and ovicidal activities of the herbal essential oils. High concentration (10 %) of herbal essential oils showed high percent effective repellency (ER). The 10 % I. verum oil caused complete oviposition deterrence (100 % ER, oviposition activity index (OAI)=-1.0), followed by Z. cussumunar, M. piperita, L. angustifolia, C. citratus, C. sinensis, and E. glubulus oils with 97.20, 88.55, 88.14, 87.93, 76.68, and 57.00 % ER, respectively. As the concentration of herbal essential oils increased from 1.0, 5.0, and up to 10.0 % concentration, the hatching rate decreased. Ten percent I. verum oil gave the maximum inhibiting rate at 97.3 % (LC<inf>50</inf> value of 6.85 %); in addition, the other herbal essential oils showed the minimum inhibiting rate of 3.3-22.7 %. On the other hand, cypermethrin 10 % w/v showed complete oviposition deterrence (100 % ER, OAI=-1.0) and ovicidal activity (100 % inhibiting rate). Our data showed that I. verum oil have high potential of oviposition deterrence and ovicide housefly control. © 2014 Springer-Verlag.

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