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Performance comparison between gradient orifice and uniform orifice distributors in rotating fluidization for coated jasmine rice
(2026-04-01)
Prakotmak, Preeda
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Phothong, Watchama
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Rattanamechaiskul, Chaiwat
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Junka, Nittaya
A rotating fluidized bed coater offers an alternative technology in which particles are fluidized by balancing centrifugal, buoyant, and gravitational forces, thereby improving coating homogeneity and mass transfer. The coating performance between the gradient orifice distributor (GOD) and the uniform orifice distributor (UOD) was compared at rotational speeds of 20, 70, or 120 rpm. The experiment was set up to coat a turmeric-extract solution onto the surface of jasmine rice. The coating substance was sprayed from the nozzle at 35 or 40 mL/min at an air-atomization pressure of 1.5 bar for 6 or 8 min. Hot air (55 or 60 °C) flows were passed at an inlet velocity of 2.9 m/s, with 85 % by volume of the air recycled. The quality of the sample was evaluated based on its final moisture content, percentage of fissure kernels, head-coated rice yield, color, coating efficiency, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. Based on the results, GOD was a suitable distributor plate for producing turmeric-extract-coated rice. For optimal coating conditions, the jasmine rice should be coated at a drying temperature of 55 °C, using a coating solution spray rate of 35 mL/min, a rotational speed of 70 rpm, a spraying coating time of 6 min, and a drying time of 10 s after the spraying stage. Using these conditions, the coating efficiency was 84.2 % and the antioxidant activity of the coated rice was 30.53 % higher than that of the referent white rice.
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Influence of bed height and drying temperature on shrimp drying characteristics using a fluidized-bed dryer
(2023-08-01)
Nanan, K.
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Eiamsa-ard, S.
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Chokphoemphun, S.
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Kumar, Manoj
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Pimsarn, M.
The aim of this work was to study shrimp drying in a fluidized-bed dryer to develop a process that performs better than traditional (sun dried) shrimp production. In these experiments, the influence of shrimp size (small, medium and large), bed height (h/D = 0.33, 0.66 and 1.0) and air temperature (60, 70 and 80 °C) on the drying rate were studied under a constant blower power. The experimental results showed that the moisture content of boiled shrimp decreased with an increased drying temperature due to the consequently higher temperature differential between the hot air and the shrimp. When the bed height (h/D) was reduced, shrimp moisture removal increased, but it also increased when shrimp size decreased. Moreover, the production rate of dried shrimp under a bed height h/D = 1.0 and drying temperature of 80 °C yielded the highest dried shrimp production rate of 4.83, 4.21 and 3.72 kg/h for small, medium and large shrimps, respectively.
1
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Effects of germination time and drying temperature on drying characteristics and quality of germinated paddy
(2015-04-01)
Chungcharoen, Thatchapol
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Prachayawarakorn, Somkiat
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Tungtrakul, Patcharee
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Soponronnarit, Somchart
Germination time and drying temperature are very important parameters affecting the quality of the germinated paddy (GP) since the microstructure of starch granules is modified during germination. The experimental results showed that the germination time increasing from 60 to 68 h provided more loosely-packed starch granules, lower hardness of cooked GP, higher γ-aminobutyric acid content (GABA) and larger number of fissured GP after drying. However, the modified microstructure did not cause a difference between drying curves at each germination time. Prediction results of the moisture content from the two-layer model were in good agreement with the experimental results and also showed that the effective moisture diffusion coefficient values of husk were significantly lower than those of germinated brown rice. Drying at a higher drying temperature could reduce the number of fissured GP more significantly. The hardness of cooked GP samples and their GABA contents obtained from drying temperatures changed insignificantly from that of the shade-dried GP. The sensory analysis results revealed that the texture of GP was better than that of the rice without germination and the longer germination time provided the adverse effect on the fermentation odour and texture.
3
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Effect of high-temperature fluidized bed drying on quality of 'Kum Doi Saket' variety of purple rice
(2015-01-01)
Junka, N.
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Wongs-Aree, C.
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Rattanamechaiskul, C.
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Kanlayanarat, S.
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Boonyaritthongchai, P.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of high-temperature drying in a range of 100-150 °C using fluidization technique on quality changes of 'Kum Doi Saket' indigenous purple rice variety in Thailand. Experimental results revealed that using high temperature process reduced free fatty acid content (FFA) in kernel without any effects on kernel colour, anthocyanins and antioxidant content. A higher process temperature resulted in a better quality of brown rice in terms of FFA. Moreover, it was found that the antioxidant activity of purple rice subjected to various drying conditions and tested by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical assay (DPPH) technique showed no significant difference with the reference purple rice. As for FFA level, it significantly decreased when the samples were dried at temperatures of 130 and 150 °C. The present study found that within the range of parameters studied, the purple rice harvested at 28.3% (d.b.) moisture content of dried at 150 °C for 1.5 minutes was of the best quality. This drying temperature did not affect the anthocyanin content nor the antioxidant activity of purple rice and had the highest drying rate.
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A continuous fluidized bed microwave paddy drying system using applicators with perpendicular slots on a concentric cylindrical cavity
(2011-01-01)
Sangdao, Chokchai
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Songsermpong, Sirichai
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Krairiksh, Monai
This article presents a continuous fluidized bed microwave drying system that provided a higher drying capacity than that provided by comparable conventional hot air drying systems. Its applicator consists of perpendicular slots over a concentric cylindrical cavity that is excited by perpendicular waveguides. The paddy to be dried was dropped vertically into the center of the applicator while hot air at 60° C, heated by magnetron ventilation, was injected from the opposite direction. Statistical data on the temperature distribution of the paddy, which scattered over the whole volume of the applicator, were collected and analyzed together with the probability of its orientation, position, and density. A suitable system was proposed, constructed, and tested. It provided good quality dried paddy, similar to that from a fluidized bed drying system. The system's maximum leakage power of 4.8 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> was well within the safety standard. With only 5.2 kJ of energy consumption, this system reduced the moisture content of a large quantity of paddy from 24 to 14% (wb) with a capacity of 3.1 kg/h. The energy cost for drying was US$47.7/ton. © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

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