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    Assessing the factors influencing the adoption of geothermal energy to support the national grid in emerging economies: Implications for sustainability
    (2024-01-01)
    Alam, Md Fahim Bin
    ;
    Tushar, Saifur Rahman
    ;
    Debnath, Binoy
    ;
    Taghipour, Amirhossein
    ;
    Dinçer, Hasan
    The ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict has made the global energy crisis a severe issue, particularly for emerging economies with a sharp rise in load shedding in communities, disruptions in industrial operation, and an increased cost of living. Shifting our focus from fossil fuel-based energy to sustainable and promising renewable energy sources, like geothermal energy (GE), is crucial to addressing the ongoing energy crisis. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the significant factors influencing the adoption of GE to support the national grid of an emerging economy like Bangladesh. An integrated framework consisting of the Delphi method, fuzzy total interpretive structural modeling (TISM), and fuzzy Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC) analysis was utilized in this study to evaluate the hierarchical interrelationships among the significant factors. The findings indicate that the top two influencing factors are the “scope for new investments and employment” and the “growing need for inexpensive and renewable energy sources”. The study's findings can offer significant insights to decision-makers and policymakers, which can aid in the development of long-term strategic plans to facilitate the successful adoption and integration of GE and promote sustainability and low-carbon economy in the energy sector.
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    Thermomechanical performance of the offset crankshaft heat engine driven by tinicu shape memory alloys
    (2021-01-01)
    Srirussamee, Kasama
    ;
    Khantachawana, Anak
    ;
    Hok, Bunheng
    ;
    Phukaoluan, Aphinan
    Geothermal hot springs are among the alternative clean energy sources to the fossil fuels for mitigating the current global warming crisis. However, the accessible geothermal water at the surface was mostly at low temperature, which impairs the practicality of harvesting these energy. Shape memory alloys (SMAs), which deform through the increased temperature, were adapted into the rotating mechanism as the actuators with the aims to convert the low-temperature heat into the mechanical work. This study utilized the helical spring-shaped TiNiCu SMAs as the actuators for the offset crankshaft heat engine. Performance of this engine was evaluated using rope brake dynamometer, by which the rotational speed, torque, and power were measured at the water temperature from 55-85°C. The results show that the engine performance increased with increasing water temperature and was dependent on the crankshaft arrangement. The offset angle of 30° was found to be optimal in this study with maximum torque of more than 5.8 N∙m and maximum power of 3.9 W at 15.7 rpm when operating at water temperature of 85°C. This study shows that the heat engine driven by TiNiCu SMAs could harvest low-temperature energy from the geothermal hot springs with the maximum observable efficiency of around 1.4%.