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    A Novel Synthesis of Rod-Shape BaNiSn-Graphene Decorated TiO2 Composite as a Ternary Photocatalyst to Improve Visible-Light Driven H2 Evolution with Lactic Acid and TEA
    (2023-03-01) ;
    Rafat, Md Nazmodduha
    ;
    Ullah, Kefayat
    ;
    Oh, Won Chun
    A novel rod-shape BaNiSn-Graphene oxide decorated TiO<inf>2</inf> composite (BaNiSn-GT) has been synthesized using a simple ultrasonic method to enhance the visible-light-driven H<inf>2</inf> evolution with cationic scavengers. The unique structure between the interfaces of BaNiSn-Graphene and TiO<inf>2</inf> provides graphene oxide of contact and excellent electron transfer for H<inf>2</inf> evolution activity. The BaNiSn-GT ternary photocatalyst exhibits relatively high photocatalytic activity with a hydrogen evolution rate of 1012 μmol/g during 4 h. On the other hand, BaNiSn-GT composite exhibited significantly higher hydrogen evolution rates of 870 μmol/g with TEA scavenger and 730 μmol/g with LA scavenger during 1 h, respectively. Moreover, the higher photocurrent density of BaNiSn-GT is correlated with electron–hole recombination, providing evidence for its inhibition, which leads to a longer lifetime of carriers produced by photoelectrons. The mechanism of the photocatalytic H<inf>2</inf> evolution of BaNiSn-GT based on a full physicochemical characterization was proposed. This study provides new insight into the efficient hydrogen-evolution of graphene-based photocatalysts.
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    Hydrothermal reaction of cellulose in ionic liquid catalyzed by Er(OTf)3
    (2022-12-01) ;
    Wongkam, Nattajak
    This research explores the potential of ionic liquid to improve lactic acid yield of the hydrothermal reaction of cellulose. The research premise was that ionic liquid dissolved cellulose and water into liquid phase, which would facilitate the formation of glucose and lactic acid using water-tolerant catalyst Erbium (III) trifluoromethanesulfonate (Er(OTf)<inf>3</inf>). Contrary to the research premise, the experiment revealed that dissolving cellulose in ionic liquid prior to hydrothermal reaction lowered lactic acid yield while increasing hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) yield. The phenomenon could be attributed to dissociation of water and ionic liquid to give hydronium ion and chloride ion, which subsequently formed hydrochloric acid (HCl). HCl catalyzed cellulose into HMF, in addition to lactic acid. Pressure and pressurized gas had minimal impact on the yield of lactic acid, while the hydrothermal reaction was affected by type of cation and anion of ionic liquid. The highest lactic acid yield of 54.26% was achieved by using 1-butyl-3 methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid, with 190 °C, 30-min, 10 bar CO<inf>2</inf> initial pressure, and Er(OTf)<inf>3</inf> 50 wt% cellulose. Meanwhile, the highest HMF yield of 66.06% was realized with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate in the absence of Er(OTf)<inf>3</inf>.
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    Synergistic inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes growth by virgin coconut oil, monolaurin and lacitc acid in lab medium and fresh pork
    (2014-01-01) ;
    Suksathit, Suchart
    This study was conducted to determine the combined virgin coconut oil (VCO), monolaurin (ML) and lactic acid (LA) effects on growth of Listeria monocytogenes in lab medium and application in fresh pork packed stored at 15°C. The results were shown that VCO or ML + LA combinations produced a bactericidal effect. The killing time was dependent on the type antimicrobial and contact time. This resulted in a loss and change of the cytoplasm and membrane in cells of the bacterium. For fresh pork, VCO or ML + LA combinations were the most effective in reduction of L. monocytogenes (P ≤ 0.05) into 1.16 and 1.35 log cycle, respectively, and controlled growth of bacteria for 4 and 8 days of storage, respectively, compared to the control groups before storage (P > 0.05). In addition, ML + LA reduced TPC more so than VCO + LA (P ≤ 0.05) and controlled growth of bacteria for 2 and 1 days of storage, respectively, compared to the control groups before storage (P > 0.05). However, the low pH of their solutions caused the highest weight loss of range 7.39-7.64% drip loss, 23.28-23.78% cooking loss and discoloration. In contrast, L*, PV, TBARs of pork in all treatments were increased but shear force, a* and C* were decreased as storage was longer in all solution types (P ≤ 0.05). Results of this study indicate that VCO or ML + LA combinations can be incorporated in fresh pork to effectively extend shelf-life at 15°C of storage.
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    Activity of virgin coconut oil, lauric acid or monolaurin in combination with lactic acid against Staphylococcus aureus
    (2012-01-01) ;
    Khopaibool, Prapaporn
    The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro activities of virgin coconut oil, lauric acid and monolaurin in combination with lactic acid against two strains of Staphylococcus aureus, ATCC 25923 and an isolate from a pig carcass, by determination of Fractional Bactericidal Concentration Index (FBCI), time-kill method, as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of lauric acid, monolaurin and lactic acid were 3.2 mg/ml, 0.1 mg/ml and 0.4% (v/v), respectively. The effects of lauric acid + lactic acid and monolaurin + lactic acid combinations were synergistic against both strains, exhibiting FBCIs of 0.25 and 0.63, respectively. In time-kill studies, lauric acid and monolaurin + lactic acid combinations added at their minimum inhibitory concentrations produced a bactericidal effect. The induction of stress in non-stressed cells was dependent on the type and concentration of antimicrobial. This resulted in a loss and change of the cytoplasm and membrane in cells of the bacterium. In contrast, virgin coconut oil (10%) was not active against S. aureus. The bacterial counts found in pork loin treated with lauric acid and monolaurin alone were significantly higher (p <0.05) than those treated with both lipids in combination with lactic acid at sub-inhibitory concentrations. The color, odor and overall acceptability of the pork loins were adversely affected by treatment with the three lipids and lactic acid alone but when combinations of the agents were used the sensory quality was acceptable.
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    Lactic acid production by coimmobilized cells of Lactococcus lactis TISTR 1401 and Lactobacillus casei TISTR 1341 using whey as substrate
    (2010-07-01)
    Choojun, Sukjai
    ;
    Suttisuwan, Rutairat
    Lactic acid production from whey by batch fermentation of coimmobilized cells of Lactococcus lactis TISTR 1401 and Lactobacillus casei TISTR 1341 was investigated in order to decrease the manufacturing cost of lactic acid. The fermentation was conducted in a two liters fermentor at 37°C and pH 6.5 with an agitation rate of 100 rpm. The maximum lactic acid concentration was obtained with a value of 29.89 g.l<sup>-1</sup> and the coimmobilized cells had consistent potential to recycle two rounds of fermentation by producing 17.38 and 12.51 g.l<sup>-1</sup> lactic acid in 24 h, for each batch of the first and the second cycle, respectively, while lactic acid produced by free cells in mixed cultures of the two species of the bacteria was 16.63 g.l<sup>-1</sup> in 48 h. These results suggested that coimmobilized cell cultures were more effective than free cell mixed cultures in improving lactic acid production.