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    Signatures of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles and Ionospheric Scintillations from Magnetometer and GNSS Observations in the Indian Longitudes during the Space Weather Events of Early September 2017
    (2022-02-01)
    Vankadara, Ram Kumar
    ;
    Panda, Sampad Kumar
    ;
    Amory-Mazaudier, Christine
    ;
    Fleury, Rolland
    ;
    Devananboyina, Venkata Ratnam
    Scintillation due to ionospheric plasma irregularities remains a challenging task for the space science community as it can severely threaten the dynamic systems relying on space-based navigation services. In the present paper, we probe the ionospheric current and plasma irregularity characteristics from a latitudinal arrangement of magnetometers and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations from the equator to the far low latitude location over the Indian longitudes, during the severe space weather events of 6–10 September 2017 that are associated with the strongest and consecutive solar flares in the 24th solar cycle. The night-time influence of partial ring current signatures in ASYH and the daytime influence of the disturbances in the ionospheric E region electric currents (Diono) are highlighted during the event. The total electron content (TEC) from the latitudinal GNSS observables indicate a perturbed equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) condition on 7 September, due to a sequence of M-class solar flares and associated prompt penetration electric fields (PPEFs), whereas the suppressed EIA on 8 September with an inverted equatorial electrojet (EEJ) suggests the driving disturbance dynamo electric current (Ddyn) corresponding to disturbance dynamo electric fields (DDEFs) penetration in the E region and additional contributions from the plausible storm-time compositional changes (O/N2) in the F-region. The concurrent analysis of the Diono and EEJ strengths help in identifying the pre-reversal effect (PRE) condition to seed the development of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) during the local evening sector on the storm day. The severity of ionospheric irregularities at different latitudes is revealed from the occurrence rate of the rate of change of TEC index (ROTI) variations. Further, the investigations of the hourly maximum absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of ROTI from the reference quiet days’ levels and the timestamps of ROTI peak magnitudes substantiate the severity, latitudinal time lag in the peak of irregularity, and poleward expansion of EPBs and associated scintillations. The key findings from this study strengthen the understanding of evolution and the drifting characteristics of plasma irregularities over the Indian low latitudes.
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    A high accuracy of magnetometer by using independent directional magnetic field measurement technique
    (2014-01-01)
    Mano, Athirot
    ;
    Titiroongruang, Wisut
    In a measurement of magnetic flux density with high accuracy by using Hall effect sensor must be considered position of Hall sensor, that perfect perpendicular with magnetic flux line for measurement. Only one Hall element can cause measuring error. Therefore, this paper presents an application of independent directional magnetic field measurement technique on two dimensions for high accuracy magnetometer. It is presented by using two Hall sensors locate perpendicular to each other and use the relation of the two voltage output signal from both Hall sensors to calculate constant Hall voltage and Magnetic flux density with high accuracy by using trigonometric function with Lab-View programming. And as the result of experiment, this technique can reduce the limitation in term of this angle in the range magnetic flux density can be measured 0-1800 gauss. A calibration curve of this system compare with standard Gauss meter shows the coefficient of determination (R2) equal to 1 and has the accuracy percentage as less than 0.5%. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.