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An assessment of technical feasibility and interannual variability for utility scale wind energy development at five favourable locations in Myanmar
(2026-12-01)
Htike, Thein Min
;
Soe, Paing Hein
;
Phyo, Mi Zwe Mon
Myanmar’s projected electricity demand of 14.542 GW by 2030 and its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) underscore the necessity of diversifying the national energy mix to enhance environmental sustainability. Solar and wind energy are targeted to contribute 9% of the total installed capacity. Consequently, a reliable assessment of renewable resources is essential for guiding investment and policy decisions. Although prior studies have mapped wind speed and power density, detailed analyses of the spatial and temporal variability of wind resources for energy production remain limited. This study evaluates wind conditions using 2010–2017 ERA5 data, focusing on mean wind speed, power density, predominant wind direction, and temporal variations at yearly, seasonal, monthly, and diurnal scales. Crucially, this work extends traditional assessments by quantifying wind persistence through autocorrelation and evaluating the Interannual Variability (IAV) of Annual Energy Production (AEP) to assess meteorological risks. Five potential locations were selected for detailed analysis using two utility-scale turbines. Annually, hours with wind speeds exceeding 6 m/s account for 23.21–35.08%, while hours with wind speeds exceeding 4 m/s represent 50.26–64.29%. Results identify Ngapudaw (Ayeyarwaddy) as the most favorable site, with an average AEP of 5.05 GWh, a capacity factor of 23.08%, and a moderate risk profile (7.83% IAV). While coastal site Sittwe exhibits high energy potential, it also presents greater interannual fluctuations (9.10% IAV); in contrast, inland sites like Wundwin offer exceptionally stable resources with an IAV < 5%. This quantitative assessment confirms the technical viability of wind power in Myanmar and supports further exploration of site-specific opportunities to expand renewable energy deployment. These findings provide a foundational justification for stakeholders, including investors and policymakers, to advance wind farm development, contributing to Myanmar’s environmental protection and sustainability goals in alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and 13 (Climate Action).
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The mediating role of economic sustainability and crisis environment in the relationship between CSR initiatives and customer satisfaction
(2026-01-01)
Zaw, Wai Yan Paing
;
Rojniruttikul, Nuttawut
;
Chaveesuk, Singha
This study examines how corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives relate to customer satisfaction in Myanmar’s private banking sector by testing economic sustainability and the crisis environment as proposed mediating mechanisms and the crisis environment as a moderating condition. Using a quantitative survey of private bank customers in Myanmar and structural equation modeling (SEM), the study evaluates direct, indirect, and moderating relationships. The findings show that CSR Initiatives significantly predict Economic Sustainability and Crisis Environment, indicating that CSR contributes to stability- and crisis-related perceptions within the banking context. However, CSR Initiatives do not have a significant direct effect on Customer Satisfaction, and the overall bootstrapped indirect effect is not statistically supported. In contrast, Crisis Environment has a positive and statistically significant direct effect on Customer Satisfaction (β = 0.116, p = 0.026). Moderation analysis further shows that Crisis Environment strengthens the relationship between CSR and Customer Satisfaction, although the interaction effect is small (β = 0.068). These results suggest that CSR is better understood as a context-sensitive signal than as a broad direct or mediated driver of customer satisfaction. The model explains a moderate proportion of variance in Customer Satisfaction (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.460), indicating that crisis-related perceptions play a more prominent role than CSR’s direct or indirect effects in shaping customer satisfaction in this setting. Overall, the study contributes to CSR research by showing that, in a volatile emerging-market context, CSR matters more under crisis conditions than as a general predictor of customer satisfaction.
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Determinants of Port Performance-Case Study of Five Major Container Ports in Myanmar
(2019-10-25)
Paing, Wai Phyo
;
Prabnasak, Jaruwit
Container ports are playing a pivotal role in facilitating global logistics and supply chains. Therefore, their performance and overall competitiveness must be improved in order to retain shipping lines and shippers. This study aims to analyze the relationship between container throughput (Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit (TEU) per year) and other important Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). This analysis can help the Myanma Port Authority (MPA) and container port operators in the country to identify which KPIs are essential for monitoring and improving their performance. The Data used in this study was collected from five major Myanmar container ports under the authority of the MPA for the period 2010-2015. This study employed a quantitative analysis method by applying a regression modelling technique. As a result, it is concluded that container throughput is influenced only by some KPIs namely total berth length and the total numbers of ship calls per year.

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