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    Carbon capture through solar-driven CO2 gasification of oil palm empty fruit bunch to produce syngas and biochar
    (2025-05-15)
    Al-Muraisy, Saqr A.A.
    ;
    Chuayboon, Srirat
    ;
    Soares, Lais Americo
    ;
    Buijnsters, J. G.
    ;
    Ismail, Shahrul bin
    Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is an abundant organic waste in Malaysia that is often disposed of through field burning. A previous study has shown that solar-driven steam gasification of OPEFB can produce hydrogen-rich syngas with an energy upgrade factor of 1.2 and a carbon conversion efficiency of 95.1 %. Beyond its potential as a biofuel, OPEFB can also act as a carbon sink, capturing photosynthetically stored carbon. This study explores the potential of amplifying OPEFB's negative carbon emissions through solar-driven gasification, using CO<inf>2</inf> as the gasifying agent. In this work, a Central Composite Design (CCD) approach was employed to assess the influence of temperature (1100–1300 °C) and CO<inf>2</inf>/OPEFB molar ratio (1.6–3.0) on H<inf>2</inf>/CO molar ratio and energy upgrade factor, with a constant OPEFB flow rate of 1.8 g/min. The results demonstrated that at an energy upgrade factor of 1.4, 94.9 % of the total carbon was converted into syngas with a H<inf>2</inf>/CO molar ratio of 0.3. The maximum observed net carbon capture yield of 0.4 g C/g OPEFB was achieved at 1300 °C and a CO<inf>2</inf>/OPEFB molar ratio of 3.0. The remaining carbon (94.4–95.7 wt %) was converted into biochar with low heavy metal content, which has potential as a soil enhancer.
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    Genomic analysis of Paenibacillus macerans strain I6, which can effectively saccharify oil palm empty fruit bunches under nutrient-free conditions
    (2023-07-01)
    Uke, Ayaka
    ;
    Sornyotha, Somphit
    ;
    Baramee, Sirilak
    ;
    Tachaapaikoon, Chakrit
    ;
    Pason, Patthra
    The improper disposal of palm oil industrial waste has led to serious environmental pollution. In this study, we isolated Paenibacillus macerans strain I6, which can degrade oil palm empty fruit bunches generated by the palm oil industry in nutrient-free water, from bovine manure biocompost and sequenced its genome on PacBio RSII and Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platforms. We obtained 7.11 Mbp of genomic sequences with 52.9% GC content from strain I6. Strain I6 was phylogenetically closely related to P. macerans strains DSM24746 and DSM24 and was positioned close to the head of the branch containing strains I6, DSM24746, and DSM24 in the phylogenetic tree. We used the RAST (rapid annotation using subsystem technology) server to annotate the strain I6 genome and discovered genes related to biological saccharification; 496 genes were related to carbohydrate metabolism and 306 genes were related to amino acids and derivatives. Among them were carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), including 212 glycoside hydrolases. Up to 23.6% of the oil palm empty fruit bunches was degraded by strain I6 under anaerobic and nutrient-free conditions. Evaluation of the enzymatic activity of extracellular fractions of strain I6 showed that amylase and xylanase activity was highest when xylan was the carbon source. The high enzyme activity and the diversity in the associated genes may contribute to the efficient degradation of oil palm empty fruit bunches by strain I6. Our results indicate the potential utility of P. macerans strain I6 for lignocellulosic biomass degradation.