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    Hydrolytic degradation of poly(lactic acid): Population balance modelling for simulating molecular weight distribution
    (2025-04-01)
    Limsukon, Wanwarang
    ;
    Rubino, Maria
    ;
    Rabnawaz, Muhammad
    ;
    Lim, Loong Tak
    ;
    Sakkaplangkul, Puttha
    Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most promising biobased and biodegradable polymers able to replace several fossil-based plastics for packaging and other applications. However, PLA is susceptible to hydrolytic degradation, impacting its overall service performance and end-of-life. The molecular weight distribution (MWD) is a critical parameter that provides insights during hydrolytic degradation. In this study, we introduced a population balance model, utilizing the high-order moment-conserving method of classes, to describe the MWD during the hydrolytic degradation of amorphous PLA film at 45 °C and 65 °C and expanded to 85 °C. The phenomenological model provided hydrolysis constants that clarified noncatalytic and autocatalytic reaction mechanisms and information on specific chain scission of a particular length. Our predictions demonstrate a promising alignment in weight location and distribution shape with the experimental MWDs observed throughout the hydrolytic process of PLA. One notable advantage is the MWD simulation, conducted over an extended time frame. Furthermore, this predictive capability extends to forecasting the lifetime of PLA films at various temperatures within the tested range, thereby fostering insights into PLA hydrolysis applicable to real-life scenarios and supporting environmentally conscious degradation practices.
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    Hybrid Natural Fiber Composites of Polylactic Acid Reinforced with Sisal and Coir Fibers
    (2025-01-01)
    Sriseubsai, Wipoo
    ;
    Praemettha, Ariya
    This study explored the tensile and impact strength of polylactic acid (PLA) through the incorporation of sisal and coir fibers. Hybrid natural fiber composites were prepared using PLA as the matrix and sisal and coir fibers as the reinforcements. The hybrid composites were prepared with an internal mixer, followed by compression molding. A constrained mixture design was employed to determine the optimal material combinations and their effects on the tensile and impact strength. Confirmatory experiments based on response surface methodology revealed no significant differences in the data means at the 0.05 significance level. PLA reinforced with sisal fibers alone exhibited the highest tensile strength of 75.36 MPa but demonstrated a low impact resistance of 12.94 kJ/m<sup>2</sup> at a 95.22:4.78 (PLA:sisal by volume) ratio. Conversely, the maximum impact resistance of 36.71 kJ/m<sup>2</sup> was achieved with PLA and coir at the same ratio. An optimal blend, consisting of 95.22% PLA, 0.78% sisal, and 4.0% coir by volume, resulted in a tensile strength of 51.08 MPa and an impact strength of 26.59 kJ/m<sup>2</sup>, outperforming other mixtures and pure PLA in the mechanical properties. Additionally, water absorption tests showed that reinforcement with sisal and coir fibers increased both water absorption and stability over 60 h.