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    Comparative analysis of anti-soiling coatings for PV modules in a tropical climate
    (2025-11-01)
    Sakarapunthip, Nattakarn
    ;
    Nukunudompanich, Meethawee
    ;
    Sittipunsakda, Oranoot
    ;
    Sangpongsanont, Yaowanee
    ;
    Chuangchote, Surawut
    The accumulation of dust on photovoltaic (PV) modules significantly reduces their efficiency, making anti-soiling coatings (ASCs) an essential solution. However, comprehensive comparisons of different ASC technologies under real-world conditions remain limited. This study systematically evaluates four ASC types (surfactant, hydrophilic-photocatalyst, hydrophilic-antistatic, and hydrophobic coatings) to assess their adhesion strength, durability, anti-soiling performance, and impact on PV energy output in a tropical environment. Surface morphologies and elemental compositions of ASCs were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), while adhesion performance was examined through tape tests and contact angle measurements. The coatings were field-tested on PV modules in two distinct environments: a rooftop PV system near a mangrove area and a PV power plant near an agricultural zone, with data collected over both dry and rainy seasons. Results indicate that hydrophobic coatings exhibited the highest durability and anti-soiling efficiency, followed by hydrophilic-antistatic, hydrophilic-photocatalyst, and surfactant coatings. The hydrophobic coating also demonstrated the most significant improvement in PV energy output, making it the most effective long-term solution. Additionally, this study evaluates the environmental and economic feasibility of ASC application, highlighting the trade-offs between coating effectiveness and maintenance costs. These findings provide critical insights into selecting optimal ASC technologies for PV systems in high-soiling regions, bridging the gap between laboratory research and real-world performance.
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    The outdoor performance of different PV systems in tropical climate conditions in Thailand
    (2015-01-01)
    Kittisontirak, S.
    ;
    Chumpolrat, K.
    ;
    Songtrai, S.
    ;
    Udomdachanut, N.
    ;
    Hongsingthong, A.
    The environmental factors of solar irradiance and module temperature greatly affect the performance of any Photovoltaic (PV) technology. Different PV technologies may react differently to variations in these environmental factors. In this paper, six different PV technologies were measured in the tropical climate of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Thailand. The types of PV technologies included in this study are; hydrogenated amorphous silicon single-junction, micromorph, copper indium gallium selenide, monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon and hetero-junction with intrinsic thin film. The annual average daily solar radiation (Ei) and ambient temperature (Tamb) are approximately 4.9 kWh/m2 and 33.4°C, respectively. The highest output among all the PV systems with the highest monthly Performance Ratio (PR) was obtained with an a-Si:H PV system. The PR was 82.2%. Thin-film technologies maintain a more stable outdoor efficiency compared to crystalline silicon technologies.