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    Testing Pellets Fuel Production from Sewage Sludge of Palm Oil Industry
    (2024-01-01)
    Maneerat, Sukrit
    ;
    Rittichote Kaewpengkrow, Prangtip
    ;
    Bunmephiphit, Chanon
    The wastes from the palm oil production process were used in this study, such as wastewater sludge and cake decenter or decanter waste. That moisture was less than 40% and increased density by the cold pelletizing process. The aim is to use pellet fuel for heating. Analysis of pellet fuel consists of physical properties, proximate (moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon) and heating value. The results showed that cake decenter and wastewater sludge had similar high volatile matter. The decenter cake had a higher heating value than the wastewater sludge at 26.649 and 14.965 MJ/kg, respectively. The ash of decenter cake was lower than wastewater at 11.71% and 22.34%, respectively. Blending both raw materials for pelletization increased the volatile matter that did not mix with another material. Therefore, both materials can be used to produce pellet fuel that has an optimal shape and size. That was hard to break. The results of chemical property testing show that it is within acceptable limits and can be used as pellet fuel.
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    The Polarization and Depolarization Current Characteristics of Mineral Oil, Natural Ester (FR3), Palm Oil, and Liquid Impregnated Pressboard
    (2019-06-01)
    Siriworachanyadee, Jompatara
    ;
    Maneerot, Sakda
    ;
    Nimsanong, Phethai
    ;
    Kitchaiya, Prakob
    ;
    Pattanadech, Norasage
    Polarization and Depolarization Current (PDC) measurement is a non-destructive dielectric testing method used to determine the electrical properties of transformer insulation. Nowadays, natural ester has been used as alternative liquid insulation in transformers because it can be easily decomposed, highly flammable, resistant to moisture, and prolong of pressboard (solid insulation in a transformer) compared with mineral oil. Furthermore, palm oil is also an interestingly alternative insulating liquid. This paper presents the PDC characteristics of mineral oil, natural ester (FR3), and palm oil under various temperatures. All received liquid specimen were dry in the controlled temperature oven at 70°C under 200 mbar and then they were cooled down to ambient temperature around 25-30°C. The liquid samples were investigated for three cases as follows: 1) moisture content measurement according to ASTM D1533, 2) dielectric dissipation factor measurement as per ASTM D924, and 3) polarization current and depolarization current measurement at liquid temperature of 30°C, 50°C, and 70°C respectively. The PDC characteristics of mineral oil impregnated pressboards and natural ester impregnated pressboards were also investigated. The PDC test results were analyzed. It was found that the dielectric response of mineral oil was significantly different from natural ester (FR3) and palm oil. Besides, it was clearly that the conduction current of liquid insulation increased with increasing liquid temperature. Moreover, the pressboard impregnated with natural ester provided better insulation characteristics such as lower conduction current than that of the pressboard impregnated with mineral oil.