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Genotypic Variations in Ferulic Acid, Antioxidant Capacity and Yield Components of Thai Landrace Rice Genotypes
(2022-01-01)
Aninbon, Chorkaew
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Srihanoo, Chayut
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Phakamas, Nittaya
Ferulic acid is a potent antioxidant in rice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variations in ferulic acid and antioxidant capacity among landrace rice genotypes. The experiment is conducted under paddy field conditions in two locations. It uses a randomized complete block design with three replications, and the treatments consist of 24 landrace rice genotypes. Data are collected for yield and yield components, ferulic acid, and antioxidant capacity. Rice genotypes are significantly different for plant height, number of panicles per plant, number of seeds per panicle, 1,000-seed weight and grain yield. Grain yields of 24 rice genotypes ranged from 1,476.9 to 4,348.1 kg/ha, and G24 is a good source for high grain yield. Variations in ferulic acid content and antioxidant capacity are found among genotypes. Ferulic acid contents range from 11.56 to 45.68 mg/100 g seed, and antioxidant capacity determined by the DPPH method ranged from 15.46 to 86.26%. G4 has the highest ferulic acid content and antioxidant capacity. These two genotypes are promising for parents in breeding programs targeting improved ferulic acid content, antioxidant capacity, and yield.
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Phytochemical screening and fruit quality of commercial eggplants
(2021-01-01)
Chokthaweepanich, Hathairat
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Sriwicha, Suwalak
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Auvuchanon, Anyamanee
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Supapvanich, Suriyan
Ten commercial eggplant cultivars and two allies were collected from the Northeastern region of Thailand in order to examine fruit quality and screen for selected phytochemicals. Eggplants were classified into three species including Solanum torvum, S. violaceum and S. melongena. There were 10 cultivars in S. melongena (commercial eggplants) containing cv. ‘Makhuea kai tao khaw’, ‘Makhuea khuen’, ‘Makhuea pro chao phraya’, ‘Makhuea pro look lai’, ‘Makhuea pro muang’, ‘Makhuea tor lae kaew’, ‘Makhuea tor lae khaw’, ‘Makhuea yao kaew’, ‘Makhuea yao khaw’, and ‘Makhuea yao muang’. The analysis indicated that there were significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in fruit quality traits including color, thickness, hardness, TSS and moisture. All samples could be divided into three groups based on fruit color including white, purple, and green group. The commercial eggplants had more thickness than S. torvum and S. violaceum, but these two species had more TSS contents than commercial eggplants. The results of phytochemical screening showed that S. torvum tended to have higher alkaloid, tannin, saponin and steroid contents from the staining technique. Furthermore, ‘Makhuea yao muang’ showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging capacity (49.33%) compared to all others. The principal component and cluster analysis based on correlation of fruit traits and phytochemicals showed that all commercial eggplants were clustered in the same group. The correlation analysis indicated that TSS contents positively correlated with saponin and steroid, while TSS contents negatively correlated with thickness and moisture contents. As this study, commercial eggplants showed higher fruit quality and antioxidant activity than related species.
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Evaluation of bioactivities of musa sp. Aerial parts extracts
(2021-01-01)
Sriwatcharakul, S.
This research aims to study bioactivity of aerial parts extract from four cultivars of banana; Musa sp. that has been multipurpose plant in Thailand. The determination of phytochemical exhibited that Musa (AA) ‘Lep Mue Nang’ extract had the highest contents of flavonoid and tannin as 515.69 mg QE/g extract and 874.93 mg TAE/g extract, respectively, whereas Musa (AA) ‘Khai’ extract presented the highest level of total phenolic content as 958.49 mg GAE/g extract. Analyzed the efficacy of free radical scavenging by using DPPH radical scavenging assay reveal that the highest antioxidant activity found in Musa (AA) ‘Khai’ extract showed IC50 at 5.76 mg/ml. Cytotoxicity studied of extracts against HeLa cell line by MTT assay at the maximum concentration 10000 μg/ml found that Musa (AA) ‘Khai’ extract had the most cytotoxicity at 82.08%. According to the bioactivities results, Musa (AA) ‘Khai’ extract has potential for remedy aspects to add value of this plant.
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Efficiency of low dose cyanocobalamin immersion on bioactive compounds contents of ready to eat sprouts (sunflower and daikon) and microgreens (red-amaranth) during storage
(2020-02-01)
Supapvanich, Suriyan
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Sangsuk, Punika
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Sripumimas, Sookmas
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Anuchai, Jatuporn
The objective of this study was to investigate the efficiency of low dose cyanocobalamin (vitamin B<inf>12</inf>) immersion on biologically active compounds improvement of baby vegetables such as sunflower sprouts, daikon sprouts and red-amaranth microgreens during storage. The baby vegetables were dipped in water (control), 0.05 or 0.1 μM cyanocobalamin for 5 min and then stored at 4 ± 1 °C for 9 d. We found that cyanocobalamin immersion, especially at 0.1 μM, could induce antioxidant capacity and certain biologically active compounds such as total phenols and flavonoids concentrations of all baby vegetables when compared to control samples. Cyanocobalmin delayed the loss of ascorbic acid concentration in sunflower sprouts but had no influence on the change in ascorbic acid concentration of daikon sprouts and red-amaranth microgreens during storage. The treatments did not affect the changes in total chlorophylls and carotenoids concentrations of sunflower and daikon sprouts during storage. Interestingly, 0.1 μM cyanocobalamin immersion enhanced betacyanin, betaxanthin and total betalains concentrations of red-amaranth microgreens during storage. These results indicated that low dose cyanocobalamin, vitamin B<inf>12</inf>, is a new potential natural agent improving health beneficiary bioactive compounds in ready to eat baby vegetables during cold storage.
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Evaluation of bioactivities of Phyllanthus emblica seed
(2020-02-01)
Sriwatcharakul, Suttijit
This research aim to study bioactivity of seed extract compare with fruit extract of Indian gooseberry; Phyllanthus emblica that use as medicinal plant widely in Thailand. Analyzed the efficacy of free radical scavenging by using DPPH radical scavenging assay reveal that the highest antioxidant activity found in the highest concentration, 10 mg/ml and both fruit and seed extracts had non-significant percentage of reduction as α-tocopherol. The determination of phytochemical exhibited that seed extract had the higher contents of tannin and flavonoid than fruit extract as 126.71 mg TAE/g extract and 1016.25 mg QE/g extract, respectively. Cytotoxicity studied of extracts against human breast adenocarcinoma cell line by MTT assay at the maximum concentration 10000 μg/ml found that seed extract had more toxicity than fruit extract at 68.98% and 35.57%. According to the bioactivities results, the seed of Phyllanthus emblica has potential to replace the fruit for medical aspects to add value of this plant.
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Evaluation of nutrient content and antioxidant, neuritogenic, and neuroprotective activities of upland rice bran oil
(2018-08-01)
Ruen-ngam, Duangkamol
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Thawai, Chitti
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Sukonthamut, Sujitra
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Nokkoul, Raumjit
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Tadtong, Sarin
Upland rice bran is an abundant and valuable antioxidant by-product of rice milling. This study compares the content of γ-oryzanol, γ-tocopherol, and phytochemicals in rice bran oil from 4 varieties of upland rice; Dok-kham (DK), Dok-kha (D), Khem-ngen (KN), and Nang-dam (ND); with that of a conventional variety, Khao Dowk Mali 105 (MA). The extraction was done by shaking rice bran in ethanol in 250 ml flask with a rice bran to a solvent ratio of 1:5 (w/v) at 200 rpm (0.447g) and 30°C in the dark for 30 min. The antioxidant capacity of the extracted oil was evaluated by several methods; DPPH, ferric reducing ability power, and ABTS'<sup>+</sup> assays. The colour of upland rice bran oil was dark from its phenolic and flavonoid contents. The highest contents of γ-oryzanol and γ-tocopherol were found in the bran oil from KN. The highest phytochemical content was found in the bran oil from DK. DK provided the highest antioxidant activity among the varieties mentioned. The neuroprotective and neuritogenic effects of rice bran extracts were also evaluated. D and KN extracts were the best two neuroprotective and neuritogenic extracts because they had the highest contents of γ-oryzanol and colour pigments. Thus Thai rice bran oil has the potential to be an excellent food supplement product due to its high antioxidant contents.

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