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    Proximate analysis, mineral and germanium of Ganoderma lucidum or Lingzhi powder by spray dry affecting in different strains and their maltodextrin
    (2023-01-01)
    Vijitrotai, P.
    ;
    Vijitrotai, N.
    ;
    Puttongsiri, T.
    Ganoderma lucidum or Lingzhi powder has been used for food and beverage ingredients for nutrition and health promoting. The G. lucidum in difference strains of MG2 and G2 were investigated to be good quality powder. The dried lingzhi was ground and stored in an air tight black polythene bag at room temperature until used. Commercial water extraction (100C in 76 min) and spray drying (inlet temperature 140C and outlet temperature 80C) were operated to produce lingzhi powder from. G. lucidum MG2 and G2 extracts, and then spray drying with and without maltodextrin to make lingzhi powder. It was found that strains of lingzhi and maltodextrin affected to proximate constituent mineral and germanium of lingzhi powder. From the analysis of G. lucidum MG2 and G2 powder through spray drying found that the nutritional value as a good source of energy carbohydrate, protein and minerals. Results showed that germanium from G. lucidum powder from starin MG2 higher than strain G2.
      2
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    Improvement of proximate data and calorific value assessment of bamboo through near infrared wood chips acquisition
    (2020-03-01)
    Sirisomboon, Panmanas
    ;
    Funke, Axel
    ;
    Posom, Jetsada
    In a previous study, a near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy model was developed using a spectra of ground bamboo samples. Although the previous report on ground bamboo described a good performance, operation in the power plant was found to be inconvenient due to preparation costs and labour required for the necessary preparation of ground samples. Thus, this study presents the comparison of the performance of an NIR model that was developed by direct scanning of bamboo chips to the previously developed model for ground samples. Special emphasis is put on the comparison of the spectral reproducibility. Bamboo chip models were developed based on PLS regression with variable selection methods in order to achieve the optimal model. The moisture content (MC) and ash content (A) of the developed bamboo chip models could be applied toward quality assurance. The volatile matter (VM) and fixed carbon (FC) models could be used for approximating predictions. The gross and net calorific value (GCV and NCV) models could be used for most applications. The root mean square (RMS) value of pre-treated spectra of different particle size had no statistically significant differences. The study's findings indicate that the model developed using NIR spectroscopy protocol with wood chips spectra can be used as a classification tool and is an effective method for estimating bamboo chip energy quality. The big particle size of wood chips affect negatively the prediction model, however, it could be solved through spectral pre-processing technique, thus eliminating the need for grinding feedstock samples.
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    Effect of protein content in feed formulas on growth and nutritional values of mealworms
    (2018-09-01)
    Bumroongsook, S.
    ;
    Nahuanong, P.
    An experiment was designed to determine the effects of high dietary protein feeding on the growth and nutritional values of mealworms. The experiment was designed as completely randomized design with 5 treatments consisting of 5 feeding formulas mixed on weight basis: I) wheat bran II) broiler chicken feed + soybean meal (3:1) III) broiler chicken feed+ soybean meal (1:3) IV) broiler chicken feed+ soybean meal (1:1) and V) broiler chicken feed + soybean meal (1:1) and 10 replications. Mealworms (850 insects) aged 2 weeks were raised in a plastic box at room temperature(35-38 oC) with carrot as water supplement for 8 weeks. Average weight gain, length measurement and percentage mortality were calculated every week over feeding periods. On the eighth week, the results showed that the mealworms raised with the formula I and III had maximum weight of 0.15 g. Their body length of mealworms from formula I were the longest (2.70 cm) and no statistically different was found in mortality rate among treatments (p>0.05). The results indicated that high protein feed did not have effect on weight and body length of mealworms. The cost of 5 feeding formulas in rearing 850 mealworms for 8 weeks was as follows :2.52, 3.91, 4.13, 4.02 and 4.00 $, respectively. The studies indicated that the mealworms fed with formula I had gained maximum growth with minimum cost of production. An analysis of the chemical composition of the raw materials in feed formulas for mealworms indicated that soybean meal had highest protein content, following by soybean, broiler chicken feed, rice bran and carrot 48.82, 39.35, 21.18, 18.72 and 7.06%, respectively. Soybean had highest amount of fat, 20.14%. It was found that mealworms fed with formula IV had the highest protein of 54.89%. The mealworms raised from the formula I and II had the highest fat 29.54 and 29.88, respectively and highest energy found in mealworms from formua I, 6,193.22 cal/g. The pearson analysis showed a very strong positive relationship on protein and very weak positive correlation on fat in feed and in mealworms. In addition, the protein content in feed had no effect on mealworm growth.
      1
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    Co-culture with Chaetomorpha sp. enhanced growth performance and reduced feed conversion ratio of the giant tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon
    (2015-09-08)
    Tsutsui, Isao
    ;
    Songphatkaew, Jaruwan
    ;
    Meeanan, Chonlada
    ;
    Aue-Umneoy, Dusit
    ;
    Sukchai, Halethichanok
    The increase in global demand for fishery products has led to a fivefold increase in aquaculture production since 1990. Commercial feed is the highest production cost in intensive aquaculture, and residual commercial feed leads to eutrophication; hence it is important to find a low-cost alternative that has less environmental impact. We investigate the use of the filamentous green algae, Chaetomorpha sp., as a raw feed for giant tiger prawns. The giant tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon was grown in monoculture, and in co-culture with Chaetomorpha sp. to investigate the potential benefits of co-culturing. Five 20-day-old giant tiger prawn juveniles were released in 70-L monoculture and co-culture tanks, and the specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured after 10 weeks. The final mean body weight of co-cultured prawns was approximately 50 % heavier than that of monocultured prawns. The SGR in co-culture tanks was 4.79 ± 0.08 % day<sup>−1</sup>, which was higher than that in monoculture tanks (4.14 ± 0.27 % day<sup>−1</sup>). The FCR was 38.9 % lower in co-culture than in monoculture tanks. The protein content of Chaetomorpha sp. obtained from proximate analysis was almost the same or a little lower than other filamentous green seaweeds; however, the Chaetomorpha sp. has higher fiber and gross energy. These results show that Chaetomorpha sp. has potential for reducing feed costs in prawn intensive aquaculture through co-culturing.
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