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    A study on the anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of three medicinal plant crude extracts from Cannabis sativa, Mitragyna speciosa and Phyllanthus emblica
    (2026-05-01)
    Khruethuen, S.
    ;
    Pilasombut, P.
    ;
    Woraprayote, W.
    ;
    Janyaphisan, T.
    ;
    Pumpuang, L.
    In the present study, medicinal plant crude extracts were prepared from cannabis (Cannabis sativa), kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) and Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) using four different solvents including ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, and water. The methanolic crude extracts had the highest weight and percentage yield, whereas the aqueous crude extracts exhibited the lowest values. The antimicrobial activity of these extracts against three Helicobacter pylori strains (ATCC 43504, 2888, and BK364) was evaluated using the spot-on-lawn method. The obtained results indicated that all medicinal plant crude extracts had an inhibitory effect against all tested H. pylori strains. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Cannabis sativa inhibited H. pylori strains ATCC 43504, 2888, and BK364 at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.02-0.05 mg/mL. Additionally, a synergistic effect between Cannabis sativa, Mitragyna speciosa, and Phyllanthus emblica was investigated using the checkerboard assay. The synergistic interaction was observed between the Cannabis sativa, Mitragyna speciosa, and Phyllanthus emblica extracts, with a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of 2, indicating an indifferent effect when combined. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation revealed that the H. pylori cells were damaged after treatment with methanolic crude extracts of cannabis for 120 minutes.
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    Comparison of remineralization in caries-affected dentin using calcium silicate, glass ionomer cement, and resin-modified glass ionomer cement: an in vitro study
    (2025-11-01)
    Youcharoen, Kwanchanok
    ;
    Akkaratham, Onwara
    ;
    Intajak, Papichaya
    ;
    Saikaew, Pipop
    ;
    Chiaraputt, Sirichan
    Objectives: This study evaluated the ability of calcium silicate cement (CSC) as a remineralizing agent compared with conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) and resin-modified GIC (RMGIC) to remineralize artificial caries-affected dentin. Methods: Twenty-five class V cavities were prepared on extracted human third molars. Twenty teeth underwent artificial caries induction. The remaining five teeth with sound dentin serve as the positive control. The twenty demineralized teeth were subdivided into four groups (n = 5): carious dentin without restoration (negative control [NC]), carious dentin restored with CSC (Biodentine, Septodont), carious dentin restored with GI (Fuji IX, GC Corporation), and carious dentin restored with RMGIC (Fuji II LC, GC Corporation). Following restoration, the specimens were stored in artificial saliva for 7 days. The elastic modulus was evaluated by a nanoindentation test. The mineral composition was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and the mineral composition at the dentin-material interface. Results: CSC had a higher modulus of elasticity compared to GI, RMGI, and NC groups (p < 0.05). Higher calcium and phosphorus content was observed under CSC restorations, as indicated by SEM-EDX examination, which may lead to better remineralization. Conclusions: Compared to GI and RMGI, CSC showed the best remineralization and mechanical reinforcement in caries-affected dentin, indicating CSC for use in minimally invasive restorative dentistry.