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A Novel Precomputed Optimal Procrastination Time Interval for Re-Clustering to Maximize Operation Time of Wireless Sensor Networks
(2023-09-01)
Pornavalai, Chotipat
;
Tanessakulwattana, Sarayoot
;
Chakraborty, Goutam
In wireless sensor networks, the energy consumption of sensors is not uniform over the whole region of deployment. The uneven energy usage occurs because some sensors have to transmit data to farther distances or have to transmit more data packets than others. This leads to a shorter duration of operation because some sensors' energy will deplete fast creating holes in the network. To alleviate this problem, we proposed an algorithm we named Procrastinated Clustering and Multi-Hop Routing (PCMR). To prolong the operation, it will optimally assign sensors with different precomputed procrastination periods to schedule the clustering and routing processes. In PCMR, sensors' clustering and routing intervals depend on their locations in the network with respect to the sink. The algorithm could reduce and balance energy consumption for sensors distributed over a wide area. Procrastination periods are precomputed off-line before deployment. Therefore, it is easy to implement and is efficient, even for a large network for which real-time reorganization would involve transmitting a large number of signaling packets. The results from simulations show that the proposed PCMR algorithm could balance energy usage among sensors, and prolong the network lifetime compared to existing works based on techniques such as adjusting cluster size and/or multi-path transmission.
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Multipath energy balancing for clustered wireless sensor networks
(2019-07-01)
Tanessakulwattana, Sarayoot
;
Pornavalai, Chotipat
In wireless sensor networks, sensors at different locations in the field use different energy levels to propagate sensing data back to the sink or base station. This causes unbalanced energy usage among sensors and also lowers the network lifetime. Currently there are several techniques to mitigate this problem, such as deploying multiple sinks, adding more sensors on heavy traffic areas, or managing the size of clusters depending on the distance from sensor to sink. In this paper, we propose a distributed algorithm and protocol called Multipath Energy Balancing (MEB) to mitigate unbalanced energy usage in clustered wireless sensor networks using multi-path and multi-hop, with a transmission power control approach. The network field is divided into regions, where the ratio of inter-region transmission traffic from all cluster head sensors in one region to other cluster head sensors in the two regions in front can be pre-computed and pre-programmed into the sensors to ease sensor deployment. To further prolong network lifetime, we also present a simple heuristic algorithm to procrastinate cluster formation and routing. Simulation results show that MEB can balance energy much better than Energy-efficient Clustering (EC) and Balancing Energy Consumption (BEC) solutions. It also has a longer network lifetime than EC and BEC protocols, especially when the required cluster size is small. Procrastinating cluster formation and routing also can further improve the network lifetime.
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Detecting sinkhole attack and selective forwarding attack in wireless sensor networks
(2009-12-01)
Tumrongwittayapak, Chanatip
;
Varakulsiripunth, Ruttikorn
Security in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is especially challenging and quite different from traditional network security mechanisms. There are two major reasons. Firstly, there are severe constraints on these devices namely their minimal energy, computational and communicational capabilities. Secondly, there is an additional risk of physical attacks such as node capture and tampering. Moreover, cryptography based techniques alone are insufficient to secure WSNs [1]. Hence, intrusion detection techniques must be designed to detect the attacks. Further, these techniques should be lightweight because of resource-constrained nature of WSNs [2]. In this paper, we present a new approach of robust and lightweight solution for detecting the Sinkhole attack and the Selective Forwarding attack based on Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) readings of messages. The proposed solution needs collaboration of some Extra Monitor (EM) node apart from the ordinary nodes. We use RSSI value from four EM nodes to determine the position of all sensor nodes which the Base Station (BS) is origin position (0,0). Later, we use this information as weight from the BS. Another functions of EM nodes are eavesdropper and monitor all traffics, in order to detect the Selective Forwarding attack in the network. Our solution is lightweight in the sense that monitor nodes were not loaded any ordinary nodes or BS and not cause a communication overhead. ©2009 IEEE.
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Detecting sinkhole attacks in wireless sensor networks
(2009-12-01)
Tumrongwittayapak, Chanatip
;
Varakulsiripunth, Ruttikorn
Presently, the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used in many areas of communication systems and its security system becomes very important. However, the security mechanism for WSNs has to be considered differently from traditional network. Firstly, there are severe constraints on WSNs devices such as minimal energy, computational and communicational capabilities. Secondly, there is an additional risk of physical attacks such as node capture and tampering. Moreover, cryptography based techniques alone are insufficient to secure WSNs. Hence, intrusion detection techniques must be designed and developed to detect the any kind of undesirable attacks. Further, these techniques should be lightweight because of resource-constrained nature of WSNs. Therefore, we present a new approach of robust and lightweight solution for detecting the Sinkhole attack based on Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) readings of messages. The proposed solution needs collaboration of some Extra Monitor (EM) nodes apart from the ordinary nodes. We use values of RSSI from four EM nodes to determine the position of all sensor nodes where the Base Station (BS) is located at origin position (0,0). We use this information as weight from the BS in order to detect Sinkhole attack. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism is lightweight due to the monitor nodes were not loaded with any ordinary nodes or BS. Moreover, the proposed mechanism does not cause the communication overhead. © 2009 SICE.
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A light-weight fault-tolerant time synchronization for wireless sensor networks
(2008-12-01)
Seareesavetrat, Sakpong
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Pornavalai, Chotipat
;
Varakulsiripunth, Ruttikorn
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have received a lot of attention recently due to their enormous potential in different applications. Many applications in WSN require time synchronization among all the sensor nodes. However, in practice, network do normally have some abnormal nodes (we called Fault Clock Node or FCN), which could cause high synchronization error. In this paper, we present a light-weight fault-tolerant time synchronization protocol (LiFTiS) which works in a way similar to NTP. The protocol is aware of FCN and is able to detect its children in hierarchical tree. We also propose a light-weight algorithm for selecting the best parent. Our simulation results show that the average synchronization error using the proposed protocol is 5-31% less than the existing algorithms e.g. TPSN etc. © 2008 IEEE.

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