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    Antimalarial and antimicrobial substances from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum BCC71876
    (2026-01-01)
    Bunbamrung, Nantiya
    ;
    Intaraudom, Chakapong
    ;
    Dramae, Aibrohim
    ;
    Boonyuen, Nattawut
    ;
    Choowong, Wilunda
    Three previously undescribed compounds including 2′,3′-dihydroxy-4,5′,4″-trimethoxy-p-terphenyl (1), 5-methoxyhydroperoxyco­chliodinol (2), and 5-(3′,3′-dimethylallyl)indole-3-oxoacetic acid (17), along with fifteen known compounds (3–16 and 18), were isolated from the endophytic fungus, Chaetomium globosum BCC71876. The chemical structures were determined by NMR spectral information as well as the comparison with those closely related compounds reported in the literature. The compounds isolated were evaluated for biological properties including antimalarial, anti-TB, anti-plant pathogenic fungal, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity. The isolated compounds exhibited a wide range of biological activities against the tested cell lines and showed very low cytotoxicity against both cancerous (MCF-7 and NCI-H187) and non-cancerous (Vero) cells, except for compounds 5, 10, 11, 17, and 18 (IC<inf>50</inf> 0.47 − 114.8 µM). Cochliodinol (5) had the strongest antimalarial activity (IC<inf>50</inf> 4.39 µM), whereas chaetomugilin J (11) showed the strongest anti-TB activity (MIC 3.13 µg/mL).
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    Antibiotic Reversal Activity of Piper longum Fruit Extracts against Staphylococcus aureus Multi-Drug Resistant Phenotype
    (2023-12-28)
    Ud Din, Maryam Salah
    ;
    Gohar, Umar Farooq
    ;
    Mukhtar, Hamid
    ;
    Khan, Ibrar
    ;
    Morris, John
    Irrational and injudicious use of antibiotics, easy availability of them as over-the-counter drugs in economically developing countries, and unavailability of regulatory policies governing antimicrobial use in agriculture, animals, and humans, has led to the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR) bacteria. The use of medicinal plants can be considered as an alternative, with a consequent impact on microbial resistance. We tested extracts of Piper longum fruits as new natural products as agents for reversing the resistance to antibiotics. Six crude extracts of P. longum fruits were utilized against a clinical isolate of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.The antibiotic susceptibility testing disc method was used in the antibiotic resistance reversal analysis. Apart from cefoxitin and erythromycin, all other antibiotics used (lincosamides [clindamycin], quinolones [levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin], and aminoglycosides [amikacin and gentamicin]) were enhanced by P. longum extracts. The extracts that showed the greatest synergy with the antibiotics were EAPL (ethyl acetate [extract of] P. longum), n-BPL (n-butanol [extract of] P. longum), and MPL (methanolic [extract of] P. longum The results of this study suggest that P. longum extracts have the ability to increase the effectiveness of different classes of antibiotics and reverse their resistance. However, future studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind the synergy between antibiotic and phytocompound(s) and identify the active biomolecules of P. longum responsible for the synergy in S. aureus.
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    Managing knowledge for health care quality: An investigation of rational antibiotic use among Thai dentists
    (2020-03-01)
    Pisarnturakit, Pagaporn Pantuwadee
    ;
    Sooampon, Sireerat
    ;
    Sooampon, Sutti
    Objectives: Because of the irrational use of antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance is now a global concern that requires developing effective strategies against. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge gap that causes the irrational use of antibiotics among Thai dentists. Methods: Thai dentists were asked to complete an online questionnaire regarding their knowledge, perception, and attitude towards rationale antibiotic use. The survey was conducted during November to December 2018. Results: Online questionnaires were completed by 588 dentists. Most respondents had a positive perception and were aware of the rational use of antibiotics. However, the use of antibiotics without proper indication and the lack of pharmacological knowledge were found. A mobile application was considered the most preferable approach to manage knowledge for rational drug use. Conclusion: Irrational drug use among Thai dentists can be caused by lack of knowledge, attitude, and the perception of each dentist. Policy makers should promote self-learning through knowledge management strategies that can complement the pharmacology courses taught in dental school.