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    Expression Analyses in the Rachis Hint towards Major Cell Wall Modifications in Grape Clusters Showing Berry Shrivel Symptoms
    (2022-08-01)
    Savoi, Stefania
    ;
    Supapvanich, Suriyan
    ;
    Hildebrand, Heinrich
    ;
    Stralis-Pavese, Nancy
    ;
    Forneck, Astrid
    Berry shrivel (BS) is one of the prominent and still unresolved ripening physiological disorders in grapevine. The causes of BS are unclear, and previous studies focused on the berry metabolism or histological studies, including cell viability staining in the rachis and berries of BS clusters. Herein, we studied the transcriptional modulation induced by BS in the rachis of pre-symptomatic and symptomatic clusters with a custom-made microarray qPCR in relation to a previous RNASeq study of BS berries. Gene set analysis of transcript expression in symptomatic rachis tissue determined suppression of cell wall biosynthesis, which could also be confirmed already in pre-symptomatic BS rachis by CESA8 qPCR analyses, while in BS berries, a high number of SWITCH genes were suppressed at veraison. Additionally, genes associated with the cell wall were differently affected by BS in berries. A high percentage of hydrolytic enzymes were induced in BS grapes in rachis and berries, while other groups such as, e.g., xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase, were suppressed in BS rachis. In conclusion, we propose that modulated cell wall biosynthesis and cell wall assembly in pre-symptomatic BS rachis have potential consequences for cell wall strength and lead to a forced degradation of cell walls in symptomatic grape clusters. The similarity to sugar starvation transcriptional profiles provides a link to BS berries, which are low in sugar accumulation. However, further studies remain necessary to investigate the temporal and spatial coordination in both tissues.
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    The roles of calcium lactate on bruised damage in papaya fruit
    (2018-11-01)
    Khurnpoon, L.
    ;
    Siriphanich, J.
    Bruise damage reduces postharvest quality and it was rejected by consumer. Lack detail about bruise mechanism reported in papaya fruit, the prevention and reduction of postharvest loss were limited. The tissue softening as a result in the change of cell wall solubility and depolymerization including changes in physical properties were following bruise damaged. The maintaining cell wall integrity by calcium lactate application before bruising was tested. Papaya fruits were non-dipped or dipped in 2% calcium lactate solution at 55°C for 5 minutes, then air dried at room temperature for 1 hour. Two groups of fruit sample were separated; one group was impacted from height level at 75 cm while the other was nonimpacted. The result showed that bruise treatment reduced skin lightness, chroma and hue angle especially in 'Khak dam' papaya, but could maintain by calcium lactate application. This treatment also preserved the reduction of fruit firmness by 4 days concomitant with the solubilization of pectin during bruising was reduced by calcium lactate treatment. Water-, Na <inf>2</inf> CO <inf>3</inf> - and potassium hydroxide-soluble fraction were low in calcium lactate treatment both with and without bruise damage. Non-significant different between non-dipped and dipped in calcium lactate in TSS, skin color development and fresh weight loss in bruise treatment. However, calcium lactate treatment reduced the increase in bruise area of 20 and 10% in 'Khak dam' and 'Holland' papaya, respectively. Fruit decay incidence was 5% low in fruit treated with calcium lactate following bruise damage than non-dipped.
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