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    Effect of the Firing Temperatures on the Phase Evolution and Electrical Properties of 0.85[0.94Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.06BaTiO3]-0.15[Na0.73Bi0.09NbO3] Ceramics Synthesized via the Solid-State Combustion Method
    (2023-01-01)
    Pattanakasem, Wiwat
    ;
    Yotthuan, Surirat
    ;
    Hongsamsibjed, Pakornkiat
    ;
    Suriwong, Tawat
    ;
    Prasertpalichat, Sasipohn
    In this research paper, we describe 0.85[0.94Bi<inf>0.5</inf>Na<inf>0.5</inf>TiO<inf>3</inf>-0.06BaTiO<inf>3</inf>]-0.15[Na<inf>0.73</inf>Bi<inf>0.09</inf>NbO<inf>3</inf>] (BNT-BT-NBN) ceramics fabricated by the solid-state combustion technique. The phase evolution, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric and energy storage properties were examined. The BNT-BT-NBN powders and ceramics were calcined and sintered between 650–900 °C and 1100–1175 °C, respectively, for 2 h. All samples showed a typical perovskite structure, as revealed by X-ray diffraction. The Rietveld refinement analysis of the ceramics suggested the samples sintered between 1100 and 1150 °C had coexisting R + T phases, while the R + T+C phases were observed in the ceramics sintered at 1175 °C. The average grain size of the samples increased from 0.52 to 1.39 μm with increased sintering temperature. The density of the ceramics increased from 5.12 to 5.45 g/cm<sup>3</sup> when the sintering temperature increased from 1100 to 1150 °C, and then decreased. Increasing the sintering temperature from 1100 to 1150 °C caused the dielectric constant at T <inf>s</inf> (ε <inf>s</inf>) and the dielectric constant at T <inf>m</inf> (ε <inf>m</inf>) to increase from 1727 to 1945 and 1564 to 1750, respectively, and then ε <inf>s</inf> and ε <inf>m</inf> declined. All BNT-BT-NBN ceramics had good dielectric temperature stability with only a±10% change when the temperature ranged from room temperature to ∼300 °C. The optimum energy-storage properties (W <inf>rec</inf> = 0.62 J/cm<sup>3</sup> and η = 83.2%) were obtained from the BNT-BT-NBN ceramics sintered at 1150 °C for 2 h. This data indicates that BNT-BT-NBN ceramics can be useful as lead-free materials for high density energy-storage capacitors.
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    Fabrication of new (Ba0.97Ca0.03)(Zr0.94Sn0.06)O3 ceramics by the combustion technique
    (2016-01-26)
    Mathrmool, Krailas
    ;
    Vittayakorn, Naratip
    ;
    Bongkarn, Theerachai
    In this study, new (Ba<inf>0.97</inf>Ca<inf>0.03</inf>)(Zr<inf>0.94</inf>Sn<inf>0.06</inf>)O<inf>3</inf> BCZS ceramics were synthesized by the combustion technique using glycine as fuel. The powders and ceramics were calcined from 1,000 to 1,200 °C for 2 h and sintered from 1,500 to 1,675 °C for 2 h. A pure perovskite phase was found in the powder calcined at higher than 1,150 °C and the purity phase of the ceramics was detected in all samples. The average particle size and grain size increased approximately from 73 to 103 nm and from 0.51-1.61μm when firing temperatures increased. The calcined powders exhibited tight agglomerates at low calcination temperatures and they changed to loosely bound agglomerates at higher calcination temperatures. The densest ceramics were discovered in the samples sintered at 1,650 °C. The dielectric constant (ε<inf>r</inf>) and loss factor (tan δ) values measured at 100 kHz of this sample were found to be 44 and 0.01, respectively at room temperature.
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    Optimum conditions for fabrication high-density KNN-LS-BF ceramics by combustion method
    (2013-12-01)
    Panya, Peerapong
    ;
    Wattanawikkam, Chakkaphan
    ;
    Laowanidwatana, Artid
    ;
    Vittayakorn, Naratip
    ;
    Bongkarn, Theerachai
    The 0.996(0.95K<inf>0.5</inf>Na<inf>0.5</inf>NbO<inf>3</inf>-0.05LiSbO <inf>3</inf>)-0.004BiFeO<inf>3</inf> (KNN-LS-BF) ceramics were prepared by the combustion method using glycine as a fuel. The raw materials were mixed and calcined at various calcination temperatures (650-750°C) with different dwell time (0.5-3 h). Then, the calcined powders were pressed and sintered at various temperatures (1000-1100°C) with 0.5-4 h dwell time. The highest % perovskite orthorhombic phase was found in powder calcined at 700°C for 1 h. For the sintered pellets, the orthorhombic structure was found in ceramic sintered at 1075°C for 2 h using heating and cooling rate of 10°C/min. The SEM photographs showed square or rectangular morphology. The average grain size increased with the increasing of soak time. The highest densisty (4.47 g/cm<sup>3</sup>), maximum dielectric constant (ε<inf>r</inf> = 6180) and lowest dielectric loss (tanδ = 0.1) at T<inf>c</inf> were obtained in the sample sintered at 1075°C for 3 h. The densest sample showed the P <inf>r</inf> = 14.3 μC/cm<sup>3</sup> and E<inf>c</inf> = 20.68 kV/cm at 40 kV/cm. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.