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Ultrasensitive Label-Free Electrochemical Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using a Surface Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Modified Screen-Printed Electrode
(2026-06-01)
Vongmanee, Naphatsawan
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Nampeng, Jindapa
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Pintavirooj, Chuchart
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Visitsattapongse, Sarinporn
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major opportunistic pathogen frequently associated with nosocomial infections, such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and wound infections, particularly in immunocompromised or hospitalized patients. These infections are often difficult to treat due to the pathogen’s intrinsic antibiotic resistance and biofilm-forming ability. Therefore, rapid and selective detection of P. aeruginosa is essential for early diagnosis and effective infection control. In this study, a novel surface-imprinted MIP design uniquely combines methacrylamide (MAM), acrylamide (AAM), and vinylpyrrolidone (VP) monomers to generate recognition cavities that are complementary to the surface morphology and physicochemical properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells. Unlike traditional MIP approaches, this surface imprinting strategy provides improved stability and reproducibility, without relying on biological recognition elements like antibodies or aptamers. This novel approach enabled us to achieve an ultralow LOD of 1 CFU/mL over a linear range of 1–10<sup>4</sup> CFU/mL, demonstrating excellent analytical performance. In addition, the sensor exhibited good reproducibility with an RSD of 5–12%. The novelty of this work lies in the use of a surface-imprinted MIP strategy combined with a multi-monomer system to enhance bacterial recognition and sensing performance. Overall, the proposed MIP-based electrochemical biomimetic sensor offers a rapid, cost-effective, and portable platform with strong potential for the detection of P. aeruginosa in clinical and environmental applications.
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Electrochemical Characterization of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Sensor for the Selective Recognition of Type II Collagen in Joint Degeneration Monitoring
(2026-02-01)
Nampeng, Jindapa
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Vongmanee, Naphatsawan
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Pintavirooj, Chuchart
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Visitsattapongse, Sarinporn
Type II collagen is a primary fibrillar component of articular cartilage, and its early degradation is a key biomarker of joint-degenerative disorders such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, etc. Reliable detection at low concentrations remains challenging due to limited assay accessibility, complex analytical procedures, and nonspecific responses in multicomponent biological matrices. This research reports the development of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP)–based electrochemical sensor engineered for the selective recognition of type II collagen. A series of monomer formulations were evaluated, and the 1AAM:2VP composition produced a well-defined imprinted layer on screen-printed carbon electrodes, yielding the highest electrochemical sensitivity and linearity. The optimized sensor exhibited strong anodic and cathodic responses proportional to increasing collagen concentrations, with a calibration slope corresponding to an R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.9394. Minimal signal interference was observed, confirming high molecular selectivity. The limit of detection (LOD) was calculated to be approximately 0.065 µg/mL. These characteristics demonstrate that the proposed MIP sensor provides a low-cost, accessible, and highly selective analytical platform suitable for early-stage cartilage degeneration monitoring.
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Electrochemical Biosensors by Means of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) Cortisol Recognition
(2025-02-01)
Nampeng, Jindapa
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Vongmanee, Naphatsawan
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Pintavirooj, Chuchart
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Chiu, Wen Tai
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Visitsattapongse, Sarinporn
Depression and anxiety are two common mental health issues that require serious attention, as they have significant impacts on human well-being, with both being emotionally and physically reflected in the increasing number of suicide cases globally. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that about 322 million people around the world experienced mental illnesses in 2017, and this number continues to increase. Cortisol is a major stress-controlled hormone that is regulated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis has three main components, including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland, where cortisol, the primary stress hormone, is released. It plays crucial roles in responding to stress, energy balance, and the immune system. The cortisol level in the bloodstream usually increases when stress develops. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been highlighted in terms of creating artificial bioreceptors by mimicking the shape of detected biomolecules, making natural bioreceptor molecules no longer required. MIPs can overcome the limitations of chemicals and physical properties reducing over time and the short-time shelf life of natural bioreceptors. MIPs’ benefits are reflected in their ease of use, high sensitivity, high specificity, reusability, durability, and the lack of requirement for complicated sample preparation before use. Moreover, MIPs incur low costs in manufacturing, giving them a favorable budget for the market with simple utilization. MIPs can be formulated by only three key steps, including formation, the polymerization of functional monomers, and the creation of three-dimensional cavities mimicking the shape and size of targeting molecules. MIPs have a high potential as biosensors, especially working as bioanalytics for protein, anti-body, antigen, or bacteria detection. Herein, this research proposes an MIP-based cortisol biosensor in which cortisol is imprinted on methyl methacrylate (MMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) produced by UV polymerization. This MIP-based biosensor may be an alternative method with which to detect and monitor the levels of hormones in biological samples such as serum, saliva, or urine due to its rapid detection ability, which would be of benefit for diagnosing depression and anxiety and prescribing treatment. In this study, quantitative detection was performed using an electrochemical technique to measure the changes in electrical signals in different concentrations of a cortisol solution ranging from 0.1 to 1000 pg/mL. The MIP-based biosensor, as derived by calculation, achieved its best detection limit of 1.035 pg/mL with a gold electrode. Tests were also performed on molecules with a similar molecular structure, including Medroxyprogesterone acetate and drospirenone, to ensure the sensitivity and accuracy of the sensors, demonstrating a low sensitivity and low linear response.
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Enhancement in Sensitivity and Selectivity of Electrochemical Technique with CuO/g-C3N4 Nanocomposite Combined with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Melamine Detection
(2024-07-01)
Limthin, Dalawan
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Leepheng, Piyawan
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Tunhoo, Benchapol
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Klamchuen, Annop
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Suramitr, Songwut
This study focused on enhancing the sensitivity and selectivity to detect melamine by utilizing a photoelectrochemical method. This was achieved by combining a melamine-imprinted polymer with a CuO/g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> nanocomposite, which was synthesized through chemical precipitation and calcination. The resulting nanocomposite exhibits improved carrier mobility and photoelectrochemical properties. A molecularly imprinted receptor for selective detection was created through bulk polymerization with methacrylic acid and a melamine template. The characterization of the nanocomposite was performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for the chemical oxidation state, X-ray diffraction patterns for the crystalline structure, and ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared spectroscopy for optical properties. The CuO/g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> nanocomposite exhibits photoactivity under visible light. The modified electrode, incorporating the CuO/g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> nanocomposite and melamine-imprinted polymer, demonstrates a linear detection range of 2.5 to 50 nM, a sensitivity of 4.172 nA/nM for melamine, and a low detection limit of 0.42 nM. It shows good reproducibility and high selectivity to melamine, proving effective against interferences and real samples, showcasing the benefits of the molecularly imprinted polymer.
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Enhancing the sensitivity and selectivity of salbutamol detection using reduced graphene oxide combined with molecularly imprinted polymers (RGO/MIP)
(2022-06-01)
Limthin, Dalawan
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Leepheng, Piyawan
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Onlaor, Korakot
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Tunhoo, Benchapol
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Klamchuen, Annop
In this study, to enhance the selectivity and sensitivity of salbutamol detection performed by a carbon plate electrode, the electrode was modified using a novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) combined with reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The RGO/MIP combination was prepared by the polymerization of methacrylic acid as a monomer using salbutamol as a template. The surface morphologies of the modified electrodes were studied using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and their performance was tested by an electrochemical technique that investigated both the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry (AMP) modes. The performance of the modified RGO/MIP electrode was compared with that of an MIP electrode, in which the RGO/MIP electrode was demonstrated to have 4.16 nA/ppm of sensitivity, more than the 0.91 nA/ppm of the MIP electrode. The limit of detection (LOD) of the RGO/MIP electrode, which was 0.83 ppm, was lower than that of the MIP electrode. Moreover, the RGO/MIP electrode’s dynamic range extended from 1 to 1000 ppm, and it exhibited consistency, repeatability, a fast response, and high selectivity for salbutamol detection.

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