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Morphology and Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid) and Polybutylene Succinate and Ethylene-co-Methyl Acrylate-co-Glycidyl Methacrylate Ternary Blends
(2023-01-01)
Wacharawichanant, Sirirat
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Netphong, Patcharin
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Pipatbannakit, Thakoon
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Phankokkruad, Manop
This work studied the morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/polybutylene succinate (PBS)/ethylene-co-methyl acrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate (EMA-GMA) ternary blends. The polymer blends were prepared in an internal mixer and then molded into films by compression molding. The results showed that the PLA/PBS blends had immiscible morphology in which the PBS phase was dispersed in PLA matrix as spherical shape. The PBS droplet size increased with increasing PBS content. The fractured surface of PLA/PBS/EMA-GMA blends displayed more small crack of plastic deformations than that of PLA/PBS blends and the fracture behavior of PLA/PBA blends was changed to more ductile fracture when added with EMA-GMA. The addition of EMA-GMA in polymer blends improved the compatibility of two phases. The results of the mechanical properties showed that PBS and EMA-GMA addition improved the strain at break of PLA/PBS and PLA/PBS/EMA-GMA blends, respectively. The incorporation of EMA-GMA had no effect on the melting temperature and degradation temperature of PLA blends. The PLA/PBS/EMA-GMA blends had lower percent crystallinity than that of PLA/PBS blends and most of percent crystallinity decreased with increasing EMA-GMA loading due to its more amorphous structure than PLA and PBS.
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GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF LLC-MK2 CELLS DIFFERED FROM VERO AND HELA CELLS WHEN CULTURED IN PORCINE FOLLICULAR FLUID SUPPLEMENTATION USING INVERTED MICROSCOPY
(2023-01-01)
Chuen-Im, Thanaporn
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Panyarachun, Busaba
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Rattanayuvakorn, Sukjai
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Youngsabanant, Mayuva
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Gamlangpat, Nongnuch
Porcine follicular fluid (pFF) contains biochemical compositions that are essential for follicle growth process. It is known that components and concentrations in pFF are different among small, medium, and large follicles, resulting in different microenvironments. Previously, we reported that pFF from all size follicles can promote growth of Vero and HeLa cells in vitro. In this study, impacts of small, medium, and large pFFs on LLC-MK2 cell viability and morphology were studied at different total protein concentrations using MTT assay and inverted microscopy. It was found that cell viability and morphology of LLC-MK2 differed from those of Vero and HeLa cells, in supplementation with pFFs from both different size follicles and different total protein concentrations. This implied that different microenvironments of pFFs from different size follicles and protein concentrations have different growth impacts on each cell line.
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Road map extraction from satellite imagery using connected component analysis and landscape metrics
(2017-07-01)
Jitkajornwanich, Kulsawasd
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Vateekul, Peerapon
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Panboonyuen, Teerapong
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Lawawirojwong, Siam
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Srisonphan, Siwapon
Road map extraction is considered an essential task in GIS as its results are the basis of location-based applications in various domains. Examples include GPS navigation on cell phone, delivery route optimization and planning, tourist attraction locator, and location-based marketing. Satellite imagery, one of the big spatial data sources, is used in this research-though other types of remotely-sensed images can also be applied, such as aerial photographs from aircrafts, UAVs or drones. Despite several methods and techniques proposed and accompanied with different performance criteria, the focus was mainly on the accuracy aspect rather than the completeness of the result sets. That is, the results were said to be satisfactory if it met a certain accuracy criterion associated with some benchmark data sets, regardless of whether all results were retrieved. In many cases; however, both accuracy and completeness are equally important. In this paper, we enhance the result accuracy by incorporating connected component analysis into the method as well as the completeness performance by utilizing an ecology concept, called Landscape Metrics, which describes spatial characteristics, patterns, and correlations of areas/patches through different indices. Two types of metrics are used: shape metrics and isolation metrics. The performance is evaluated based on four criteria: precision, recall, quality, and F1 scores. The results show that more than 90% of performance is achieved in all four criteria.
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Electrospinnability of poly(butylene succinate): Effects of solvents and organic salt on the fiber size and morphology
(2015-11-01)
Klairutsamee, Watthana
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Supaphol, Pitt
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Jangchud, Ittipol
Submicrosized and nanosized fibers of polymers can be formed easily by electrospinning techniques. However, bead formation can occur if inappropriate solvent systems are used. In this study, we focused on investigating the effects of solvents and organic salt on the electrospinnability of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). Electrospun PBS fibers were obtained from single-solvent systems, that is, systems with chloroform (CF) or dichloromethane, at various concentrations (8-30% w/v). Discrete beads and beaded fibers were still found at every PBS concentration. In this study, the electrospinnability of the PBS solutions in CF were improved by the addition of methanol (MeOH) as a cosolvent and an organic salt [alkyl ammonium ethyl sulfate (AAES)]. The obtained fibers were smooth without any beads, and the diameters were affected by the amount of MeOH and the PBS concentration. The electrospinnability of PBS could be enhanced by the addition of a cosolvent with a high dielectric constant or organic salt (AAES). Moreover, the diameters of the electrospun PBS fibers decreased with increasing AAES concentration. We found that the presence of MeOH (30 vol %) and the addition of AAES caused an increase in the crystallinity of the PBS fibers. Therefore, we concluded that bead-free ultrafine PBS fibers could be obtained through the addition of the cosolvent and the organic salt.
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Improvement in physical and electrical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel conductive polymer composites
(2015-07-01)
Phuchaduek, Winatthakan
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Jamnongkan, Tongsai
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Rattanasak, Ubolluk
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Boonsang, Siridech
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Kaewpirom, Supranee
With an aim to develop anti-electrostatic discharge materials based on biodegradable polymers, poly(vinyl alcohol) films composited with two different conductive fillers (carbon black and aluminium) at various fillers contents (20-60%wt), were manufactured using solvent-casting technique. The mechanical properties of such the films were investigated through tensile stress-strain tests. Wettability and morphology of the composite films were performed by water contact angle measurement and SEM, respectively. Young's modulus of the composite films can be increased with the addition of conductive fillers. The surface of the composite films showed non-homogeneous appearance, in which the phase boundary within the composites was clearly observed and the conductive fillers formed aggregation structure at high filler concentration. In addition, the composite films exhibited better hydrophobicity when higher conductive filler content was added. TGA results suggested that both carbon black and aluminum have proven their efficiency to enhance thermal stability of poly(vinyl alcohol). Investigation of cross-cut adhesion performance of the prepared composite films revealed that carbon black-filled composites exhibited excellent adhesion strength. The effect of conductive filler content on surface resistivity of the composite films was also examined. The experimental results confirmed that both the fillers used in this study can improve the electrical conductivity of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel. The surface resistivity of the composite films was reduced by several orders of magnitude when the filler of its critical concentration was applied.
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Efficient color edge detection based on synthetic weighted multi-structure element morphology
(2014-02-24)
Samutrak, Phairoj
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Werapun, Jeeraporn
Applying the structure element (SE)-based morphology to detect the edges of the image corrupted by noise may obtain the irregular shape, and hence the precision of the object identification may decrease. Lately, the multi-SE morphology was introduced to detect the edge of gray-scale image, which yields the more integral and continual final result than that of the single-structure element. For color images, the robust color morphology gradient (RCMG) edge-detection, extended from CMG, was proposed by using a square SE along with the removing outliner technique to solve the noisesensitivity problem. In this paper, in order to solve such a noise problem on color images, we propose an efficient color edge-detection algorithm, called the ECMSEM (Efficient Color Multi-SE Morphology) by combining the advantage of the multi-SE morphology and the removing (noise) outliner. In our ECMSEM approach, the color multi-SE morphology with using a synthetic weighted method is introduced to detect only edge (except noise) and using multi-scale SEs to increase the precision of each SE-direction, and hence improve the edge-detection results. In performance evaluation, the edge-detection results (of synthetic color tested images) showed that our ECMSEM yielded the higher FOM than those of the RCMG approach. © 2014 Copyright SPIE.
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Identification, counting, and sizing of dispersed phase droplet of scanning electron microscopy micrograph using digital image processing
(2012-12-01)
Phankokkruad, Manop
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Wacharawichanant, Sirirat
The identification of dispersed phase droplet in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image is the heart of the process polymer blends, especially for the development of the polymeric materials and improvement of the polymer properties. Manual identification is the hard work and inaccurate method. To solve this problem, a digital image processing (DIP) method based on Hough transform is proposed for automatically identifies the dispersed phase droplet in SEM images. By combining the characteristics of SEM images and the DIP method, this method performed hierarchical Hough transform on the circular droplet to detect the object boundary in the SEM images. The DIP method has been experimented on variety of SEM images and very promising results have been achieved given more accuracy. Experimental results show that the proposed method with high adaptability is more accurate and rapidly than the traditional method. © 2012 IEEE.
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