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Author: search.filters.author.Abbas, AyeshaHas files: No

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    Possible Thermal Anomalies Associated with Global Terrestrial Earthquakes during 2000-2019 Based on MODIS-LST
    (2022-01-01)
    Shah, Munawar
    ;
    Ehsan, Muhsan
    ;
    Abbas, Ayesha
    ;
    Ahmed, Arslan
    ;
    Jamjareegulgarn, Punyawi
    The recent advances in satellite-based earthquakes (EQs) precursors provide an opportunity to correlate the seismic variation on lithosphere with atmosphere during the EQ preparation period through a rigorous atmospheric monitoring system. In the present study, seismic-induced thermal anomalies from cloud-free satellite thermal images of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer-Land Surface Temperature (MODIS-LST) are analyzed within a time interval of three months (precedent two months and succeeding one month to each EQ day) of 13 $\text{M}_{w} \ge6.0$ terrestrial EQs during 2000-2019. All these EQs occur in low vegetation and no snow cover regions except $\text{M}_{w}~6.7$ , Siberia Russia event. Remote sensing data show evidence of significant perturbation with reference to confidence bounds in LST within 5-20 time window upon the antecedent and the descendant of EQ day. The studied thermal anomalies are obtained from LST values over the epicenter region. This work endorses the performance of MODIS-LST for detecting EQ-induced thermal anomalies in terrestrial regions with no vegetation and snow cover and also assisting to the development of lithosphere-atmosphere hypothesis over the epicenter region.
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    Ionospheric-Thermospheric Responses in South America to the August 2018 Geomagnetic Storm Based on Multiple Observations
    (2022-01-01)
    Shah, Munawar
    ;
    Abbas, Ayesha
    ;
    Ehsan, Muhsan
    ;
    Aiber, Andres Calabia
    ;
    Adhikari, Binod
    The ionospheric storm time responses during August 2018 are investigated over South American region using multiple observables, for example, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) derived vertical total electron content (VTEC) from International GNSS Service, magnetic field data, geomagnetic indices, global ionospheric maps, thermospheric mass density (TMD), and [O/N2] ratio measurement. Strong-ionospheric and upper-atmospheric disturbances affected the ionospheric variables with long duration during the storm recovery phase and following after. First, daytime VTEC (9:00-20:00 UT) presented variations of >15 TECU during days 25 to 30 of August 2018 in low and middle latitudes of South America, this after sudden storm commencement (SSC). Furthermore, nighttime (21:00-24:00 and 00:00-05:00 UT) VTEC presented low values (5<TECU<7) in mid-latitude region after SSC event during the main phase, followed by high values (>8 TECU) in the recovery phase. Second, the ionospheric values during the storm main phase and following after, at low-and mid-latitudes, caused the equatorial ionization anomaly to expand due to prompt penetration electric field. Furthermore, VTEC enhancements are likely to occur few hours after the SSC of 25 August 2018, while enhancements of TMD and [O/N2] ratio started to appear later on 26 and 27 of August 2018.