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Dragon fruit peel waste improves gut barrier integrity and microbiota composition in rats fed a high-fat, high-fructose diet
(2026-06-01)
Chumroenvidhayakul, Siriwan
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Thilavech, Thavaree
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Abeywardena, Mahinda
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Wang, Yanan
;
Kamonsuwan, Kritmongkhon
AbstractA Western-style diet high in fat and fructose has been linked to intestinal barrier dysfunction and gut microbiota dysbiosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dragon fruit peel powder (DFP), a by-product rich in dietary fiber and phytochemicals, on fecal characteristics, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, cecal microbial composition, and intestinal barrier function in rats fed a high-fat, high-fructose (HFHFr) diet. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups: control, control + 5 % DFP, HFHFr, and HFHFr + 5 % DFP for 12 weeks. DFP supplementation increased fecal moisture and lipid excretion while reducing fecal pH. In HFHFr-fed rats, DFP mitigated gut barrier impairment and suppressed the metabolic endotoxemia by upregulating tight-junction gene expression and reducing TLR4 expression, and serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) levels. Furthermore, DFP modulated the gut microbiota by increasing the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, enriching beneficial SCFA-producing genera, and suppressing potentially pathogenic taxa. These microbial shifts were accompanied by a significant increase in cecal SCFA concentrations. These findings indicate that DFP supplementation improves gut barrier integrity markers and beneficially modulates the gut microbiota in HFHFr-fed rats, highlighting its potential as a sustainable functional ingredient to support gastrointestinal health.
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Green seaweed Ulva rigida as a functional hydrocolloid for modulating carbohydrate digestion and postprandial glycemia: Evidence from an acute human study
(2026-06-01)
Charoensiddhi, Suvimol
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Chumroenvidhayakul, Siriwan
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Lomarat, Pattamapan
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Adisakwattana, Sirichai
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Thilavech, Thavaree
Postprandial dysmetabolism, driven by frequent consumption of meals rich in carbohydrate and fat, is a major contributor to the development of metabolic disorders. This study investigated the digestive-modulating properties and acute postprandial effects of Ulva rigida (U. rigida), a green seaweed rich in dietary fiber and phenolic compounds, using integrated in vitro and human approaches. Incorporation of U. rigida in a simulated gastrointestinal digestion model reduced glucose release from wheat and rice flours by up to 48.4 % and 25.6 %, respectively. This reduction occurred in a concentration-dependent manner, with the maximum effect observed at a 1:1 flour-to-U. rigida ratio. U. rigida also exhibited intestinal α-glucosidase inhibition, retarded glucose diffusion, and physically adsorbed glucose, indicating that its effects are driven by both enzymatic and hydrocolloid-mediated mechanisms. A randomized, open-label, crossover-controlled trial to evaluate translational relevance was conducted in 16 healthy adults consuming a high-carbohydrate, moderate-fat (HCMF) meal with or without 5 g of dried U. rigida. Co-consumption of U. rigida significantly attenuated postprandial plasma glucose excursions and reduced the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for plasma glucose (−72.8 %) and serum insulin (−27.8 %). U. rigida supplementation enhanced plasma antioxidant capacity (1.5-fold), increased circulating short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and favorably modulated appetite sensations by reducing hunger and increasing fullness, without significantly affecting inflammatory responses. These findings indicated that U. rigida modulated carbohydrate digestion and postprandial metabolic responses while favorably influencing appetite sensations through combined digestive and hydrocolloid-related mechanisms, supporting its potential application as a functional food ingredient for managing postprandial dysmetabolism.
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Dragon Fruit Peel (Hylocereus undatus) Modulates Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in a Rat Model of High-Fat, High-Fructose-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction
(2025-03-01)
Chumroenvidhayakul, Siriwan
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Thilavech, Thavaree
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Abeywardena, Mahinda Yapa
;
Conlon, Michael
;
Dallimore, Julie
Metabolic dysfunction and hepatic abnormalities, such as those associated with high-fat, high-fructose (HFHFr) diets, are major contributors to obesity-related health issues. The growing interest in sustainable dietary interventions has highlighted the potential of plant-based byproducts. Dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) peel waste, rich in bioactive compounds such as dietary fibers, phenolics, and betacyanins, represents a promising functional ingredient for managing these disorders. This study investigated the effects of dragon fruit peel powder (DFP) on metabolic dysfunction and hepatic abnormalities induced by a HFHFr diet in rats. Over 12 weeks, the rats were fed a standard AIN-93M diet (control or C), C with 5% (w/w) DFP (C + DFP), a HFHFr diet, or a HFHFr diet with 5% (w/w) DFP (HFHFr + DFP). DFP supplementation significantly reduced HFHFr-induced body weight gain, visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia while also lowering systolic blood pressure and systemic oxidative stress markers. In the liver, DFP supplementation attenuated fat accumulation and lipid peroxidation, reduced glycogen storage abnormalities, and modulated the expression of lipid metabolism and inflammatory genes. These findings suggest that DFP may serve as a functional dietary supplement for preventing and managing metabolic disorders and liver abnormalities associated with excessive fat and fructose consumption.

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