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Sustainable fish oil extraction from catfish visceral biomass: A comparative study between high-shear homogenization and high-frequency ultrasound on wet rendering process
(2025-01-01)
Dave, Jaydeep
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Kumar, Nishant
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Upadhyay, Ashutosh
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Purba, Daniel Tua
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Kudre, Tanaji
Traditional wet rendering leads to the degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil. Therefore, we combined this method with high-shear homogenization and high-frequency ultrasound to extract oil from Clarias magur visceral biomass. This way, we aimed to achieve higher oil yield, shorter extraction times, and a better preservation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. High-shear homogenization and high-frequency ultrasound increased the oil yields by 9.17 and 10.55%, respectively, compared to traditional wet rendering. The oil quality was also improved, with lower acid and peroxide values. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed enhanced cell disruption for increasing the oil extraction efficiency. Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy also proved the efficacy of homogenization and ultrasound pretreatment in enhancing the extraction of polyunsaturated fatty acids from C. magur visceral biomass. Their content showed a significant variation among different extraction methods. Specifically, the high-frequency ultrasound method resulted in a notable 15.1% increase, while the high-shear homogenization method demonstrated a significant 13.3% increase, compared to the wet rendering method (control). The oil extracted by the high-frequency ultrasound method demonstrated a 7.5% increase in eicosatetraenoic acid and a 11.7% increase in docosahexaenoic acid, as compared to the oil obtained from the control method. High-shear homogenization and high-frequency ultrasound shortened the extraction time and reduced the temperature requirements for oil extraction from wet biomass. These techniques have potential for efficient fish oil extraction, valuable in the healthcare and food industries.
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A comparison of the chemical compositions and nutrient values of the sanim and srithong varieties of the farmed golden apple snails (Gastropoda; Ampullariidae; Pomacea canaliculata)
(2024-12-01)
Petcharat, Tanyamon
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Sae-leaw, Thanasak
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Benjakul, Soottawat
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Indriani, Sylvia
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Pongsetkul, Jaksuma
The comparison of the Sanim (SN) and Srithong (ST) varieties of the farmed apple snail Pomacea canaliculata as an alternative protein source has shown that ST contained more hydroxyproline and possessed a greater firmness than SN. Nevertheless, both varieties yielded similar protein contents of 20.90–23.07 % and exhibited similar texture, color, cooking yields and cooking losses after cooking. Good palatability with high liking score was obtained from both snail meat samples, particularly color, texture, and overall attributes. Snail meats possessed good nutritive value with an amount of protein and low fat content, whereas SN contained higher protein and total energy(P < 0.05). Other nutritionally useful chemicals (such as calcium, sodium, iron, vitamins B1 and B2) are present. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results discovered that myosin heavy chain, paramyosin, and actin were the prevalent protein components. Differences in nitrogen content distribution were observed between SN and ST, in which alkaline-soluble protein was the major fraction. Amino acid composition and fatty acid content varied regarding snail varieties with a large amount of essential amino acids and good source of MUFA and PUFA. Therefore, both farmed SN and ST snails could be an effective alternative protein source with a significant amount of nutritive value.
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Properties of novel biodegradable film from gelatin capsule waste as influenced by various solvents and washing cycles
(2024-12-01)
Kumnerdsiri, Pudthaya
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Sanprasert, Sasina
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Seubsai, Anusorn
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Pongsetkul, Jaksuma
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Harnkarnsujarit, Nathdanai
Biodegradable films, featuring eco-friendly attributes, offer a promising solution to environmental pollution and ecological challenges, serving as a viable alternative to synthetic polymer packaging films. This study investigates the washing process with various solvents (ethanol and water) and washing cycles (1 and 3 times) on the properties of gelatin capsule waste films (GCWF). The washing process could improve properties such as tensile strength, thermal properties, transparency value, and solubility by eliminating oil droplets from the raw materials. The GCWF washed by ethanol (GCWF Alc) exhibited higher tensile strength (TS), thermal properties, and transparency value compared with GCWF washed by water (GCWF W). Increasing the number of washing cycles could also enhance the efficiency of eliminating oil droplets from the raw materials. The complete degradation of GCWF in soil was observed on day 15 after burial. FTIR spectroscopy revealed differences in bands and patterns between control film (GCWF) and washed films (GCWF Alc and GCWF W). These findings highlight the potential of the washing process in enhancing film properties, and the utilization of gelatin capsule waste as biodegradable films could be further developed for food packaging applications, contributing to environmentally friendly technologies
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Development of fish snack (Keropok) with sodium reduction using alternative salts (KCl and CaCl2)
(2024-06-01)
Kingwascharapong, Passakorn
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Paewpisakul, Pranpriya
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Sripoovieng, Wilaiwan
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Sanprasert, Sasina
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Pongsetkul, Jaksuma
The incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) caused by excessive sodium intake is becoming an important issue that many researchers have investigated. Processing is an effective way to add value to underutilized fish species. Thus, the objective of this research was to develop a fish snack (Keropok) using reduced sodium. Two types of alternative sodium chloride (NaCl) were used, namely potassium chloride (KCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl<inf>2</inf>) with substitution at levels of 15, 30, and 45 % (w/w). The results indicated that substitution of NaCl with KCl or CaCl<inf>2</inf> in the product had a negative effect on the cooking yield (%) (P<0.05). Using 55 % NaCl with 45 % KCl (B3) in Keropok had a consumer acceptance score similar to the control formula (P>0.05) and the lowest sodium content (P<0.05). After storage at 4 °C for 21 days, the microbial loads (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, mold, Staphylococcus aureus, yeast) in B3 satisfied the requirements of the Thailand Community Product Standard (107/2011). In addition, increasing the storage time did not affect the texture of the product (hardness, gumminess, chewiness and cohesiveness) nor consumer acceptance (P>0.05). B3 was rich in nutrients (macromolecules and micromolecules) that are essential to the human body. Therefore, Kerepok (55 % NaCl with 45 % KCl: B3) could be considered as a healthy snack.
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Insights into recent innovations in barrier resistance of edible films for food packaging applications
(2024-06-01)
Shah, Yasir Abbas
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Bhatia, Saurabh
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Al-Harrasi, Ahmed
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Tarahi, Mohammad
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Almasi, Hadi
The utilization of biopolymer-based food packaging holds significant promise in aligning with sustainability goals and enhancing food safety by offering a renewable, biodegradable, and safer alternative to traditional synthetic polymers. However, these biopolymer-derived films often exhibit poor barrier and mechanical properties, potentially limiting their commercial viability. Desirable barrier properties, such as moisture and oxygen resistance, are critical for preserving and maintaining the quality of packaged food products. This review comprehensively explores different traditional and advance methodologies employed to access the barrier properties of edible films. Additionally, this review thoroughly examines various approaches aimed at enhancing the barrier properties of edible films, such as the fabrication of multilayer films, the selection of biopolymers for composite films, as well as the integration of plasticizers, crosslinkers, hydrophobic agents, and nanocomposites. Moreover, the influence of process conditions, such as preparation techniques, homogenization, drying conditions, and rheological behavior, on the barrier properties of edible films has been discussed. The review provides valuable insights and knowledge for researchers and industry professionals to advance the use of biopolymer-based packaging materials and contribute to a more sustainable and food-safe future.
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Antidiabetic Property Optimization from Green Leafy Vegetables Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction to Improve Cracker Production
(2024-01-01)
Maser, Wahyu Haryati
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Maiyah, Nur
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Karnjanapratum, Supatra
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Nukthamna, Pikunthong
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Thompson, Anthony Keith
Here we test a method of incorporating of plant extracts into popular snack foods to help control diabetes. Since some fresh vegetables contain antidiabetic compounds, ultrasound-assisted extraction was used to optimize their extraction of from spring onions, bunching onions, and celery for later incorporation into crackers. We compared various concentrations of ethanol used during extraction, after which they were exposed to an ultrasound processor whose amplitude and sonication time were also varied. The optimal extraction conditions were found to be an ethanol concentration of 44.08%, an amplitude of 80%, and a sonication time of 30 min. This resulted in the highest level of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (i.e., 1,449.73 mmol ACE/g) and the highest extraction yield (i.e., 24.16%). The extract produced from these optimum conditions was then used as a constituent component of crackers at 0.625%, 1.25%, or 2.5% w/w. These biscuits were then produced at baking temperatures of 140°C, 150°C, or 160°C. We then measured the physical characteristics and bioactivities of sample biscuits from each treatment. We found that biscuits containing 2.5% vegetable combination extract and baked at 140°C had the highest total phenolic content, the strongest antioxidant performance, and showed the most substantial antidiabetic and antiobesity effects. Here we establish conditions for the effective extraction of antidiabetic functional ingredients via ultrasound from green leafy vegetables. We also provide a method of using these ingredients to prepare crackers with the aim of developing a functional antidiabetic snack food.
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Ultrasonication on Collagen Yield, Physiochemical and Structural Properties from Seabass (Lates Calcarifer) Scales as Affected by Pretreatment and Extraction Conditions
(2024-01-01)
Bavisetty, Sri Charan Bindu
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Karnjanapratum, Supatra
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Dave, Jaydeep
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Purba, Daniel Tua
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Kudre, Tanaji
This research explored the use of ultrasound as a pretreatment and extraction assisted process for extraction of collagen from seabass scales. Both acid-soluble (AC) and pepsin-soluble collagens (PC) were extracted with ultrasonication at different extraction times (24 and 48 h). Ultrasound pretreatment (PU) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UE) notably improved AC extraction yields over 48 hours, registering 2.12% and 4.62%, respectively. The highest yield for PC, 21.85%, was achieved with 48 hours of ultrasound assisted extraction. Protein analysis verified the extracted collagens as type I, indicated by the presence of specific α and β chains. Further, FTIR spectra confirmed collagen's presence in all samples through distinct amide band peaks. Interestingly, ultrasound processes marginally reduced AC's thermal stability while boosting PC's thermal stability, especially when combined with pepsin treatment. Moreover, CD spectroscopy showed the preserved native structure of collagen across all samples. The ultrasound method increased collagen extraction yields and retained its structural integrity. These outcomes are pivotal for advancing collagen extraction methods in the biomedical and food sectors.
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Investigating the impact of wet rendering (solventless method) on PUFA-rich oil from catfish (Clarias magur) viscera
(2024-01-01)
Dave, Jaydeep
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Ali, Ali Muhammed Moula
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Kumar, Nishant
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Nagarajan, Muralidharan
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Kieliszek, Marek
Catfish (Clarias magur) is a popular freshwater fish food worldwide. The processing of this fish generates a significant amount of waste, mainly in the form of viscera, which constitutes around 10–12% of the fish’s total weight. This study was focused on extracting polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich oil from catfish viscera, aiming to enhance the extraction process and make the production of oil and handling of fish byproducts more cost-effective. The wet reduction method, a solvent-free approach, was used for extraction, with yield optimization done via the Box–Behnken design. The resulting oil was evaluated for its oxidative quality and chemical characteristics. The optimal conditions for the wet rendering process were as follows: viscera to water ratio, 1:0.5 (w/v); temperature, 90℃; and time, 20 min, yielding 12.40 g/100 g of oil. The oil extracted under optimal wet rendering conditions had quality and oxidative stability comparable to solvent extraction and fewer secondary oxidation compounds. This oil had a higher PUFA content, specifically a 4:1 ratio of omega 6 to omega 3. Such oil, derived from catfish viscera, is suitable for the food industry due to its solvent-free extraction method.
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Effect of Aqueous n-Butanol Treatments on Shelf-Life Extension of Longkong Fruit during Ambient Storage
(2023-08-01)
Charoenphun, Narin
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Ali, Ali Muhammed Moula
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Paulraj, Balaji
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Venkatachalam, Karthikeyan
The pericarp of the Longkong fruit rapidly browns during ambient storage, typically reducing its shelf life to between 3 and 7 days. Recently, n-butanol has demonstrated a promising effect in preventing this deterioration, extending the shelf life of tropical fruits to more than a week. The present study exploited this opportunity to examine the exogenous application of aqueous n-butanol at various concentrations (0.2–0.6%) in controlling pericarp browning and suppressing different oxidoreductase enzymes in the pericarp under prolonged ambient storage conditions (8 days). Every two days, the fruit pericarps were tested for color (lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*)), browning index (BI), membrane permeability loss (MPL), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, total phenolic content (TPC), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Enzymes including phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phospholipase D (PLD), lipoxygenase (LOX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were also analyzed. All sample test results showed that increased storage significantly impacted color characteristics (decreased L*, b* and increased a*, and BI). MPL, MDA, and ROS also continuously increased. Furthermore, the browning-related enzymes (PAL and PPO), membrane-degrading enzymes (PLD and LOX), and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPX) continuously increased in all pericarp samples throughout the storage. Among the samples, pericarp color, BI, MPL, MDA, PAL, PPO, PLD, and LOX were significantly high in the control samples, consequently adversely affecting the quality and shelf life of Longkong. On the other hand, the n-butanol-treated samples significantly controlled the loss and all problematic enzymes while improving the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPX in the pericarp. Furthermore, the positive effect of n-butanol application was dose-dependent; higher concentrations (0.4–0.6%) performed well in protecting the fruit from deterioration.
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Effect of different extraction solvents on the yield and enzyme inhibition (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase) activity of some vegetables
(2023-01-01)
Maser, Wahyu Haryati
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Maiyah, Nur
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Nagarajan, Muralidharan
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Kingwascharapong, Passakorn
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Senphan, Theeraphol
Maser WH, Maiyah N, Nagarajan M, Kingwascharapong P, Senphan T, Ali AMM, Bavisetty SCB. 2023. Effect of different extraction solvents on the yield and enzyme inhibition (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase) activity of some vegetables. Biodiversitas 24: 3320-3331. The present study investigated the in vitro inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase, and antioxidant activities (DPPH, metal chelating, and FRAP) of Allium cepa L., Apium graveolens L., Coriandrum sativum L., and Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss using solvent 80% ethanol, absolute ethanol, acetone, methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, and hot water. The total phenolic content (TPC) and the FTIR and GC-MS characterization spectra were compared with the activities. The TPC of 80% ethanol extract in A. graveolens L. was the highest among the extracts, with 23.78 mg GAE/g extract. The 80% ethanol extract exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity on DPPH radical scavenging (A. graveolens, 125.57 mg AEAC/g extract), metal chelating (C. sativum, 92.85 mg EECC/g extract), and FRAP activities (C. sativum, 46.98 mg AEAC/g extract). The 80% ethanol extract showed the highest anti-α-amylase (P. crispum, 30.61 mmol ACE/g extract) and anti-α-glucosidase (A. cepa, 595.28 mmol ACE/g extract) activities. In comparison, the absolute ethanol extract of C. sativum showed the highest anti-lipase activity (42.10% inhibition). According to the FTIR spectra, the 80% ethanol extract of the four green leafy vegetables is predicted to have several active compounds. GC-MS identified the compounds responsible for the activity. Studies on the recovery potential of active compounds as oral agents to treat diabetes mellitus with certain solvents are very useful in producing oral agents and functional foods to prevent diabetes mellitus.

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