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Comparative CFD modeling of foam and conventional pellet catalysts in glycerol steam reforming
(2025-07-15)
Simasatitkul, Lida
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Phitchayakorn, Chattharika
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Amornraksa, Suksun
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Anantpinijwatna, Amata
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Assabumrungrat, Suttichai
A novel approach to glycerol valorization via steam reforming was investigated through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling. The performance characteristics of conventional pellet catalysts were compared with foam catalysts in a 6-inch diameter packed bed reactor. A two-dimensional pseudo-homogeneous steady-state model was employed to evaluate catalyst configurations ranging from 10 to 30 pores per inch (PPI). The foam catalyst structures exhibited superior performance across key metrics, achieving maximum hydrogen yield (60 %) at one-third of the reactor length whilst reducing pressure drop by 95 % compared to conventional pellets. Within the foam configurations, the 10PPI variant demonstrated optimal performance characteristics, with an 80 % reduction in normalized pressure drop compared to 30PPI, whilst maintaining comparable product yields. The enhanced performance was attributed to the open-cell architecture, which facilitated improved mass transfer and reduced diffusion limitations. These findings suggest that foam catalysts represent a promising alternative to conventional pellet configurations for glycerol steam reforming processes.
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Process Improvement and Economic and Environmental Evaluation of Bio-Hydrogenated Diesel Production from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil
(2025-01-01)
Anantpinijwatna, Amata
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Simasatitkul, Lida
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Yooyen, Kanokporn
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Amornraksa, Suksun
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Assabumrungrat, Suttichai
The co-production of BHD with other renewable fuels (i.e., using a novel process involving carbon dioxide utilization to achieve the global sustainability goal) is presented. The three configurations of BHD production from refined bleached deodorized palm oil (RBDPO), including (1) the conventional BHD process with hydrogen recovery (BHD process), (2) the BHD process coupled with the Fischer–Tropsch process (BHD-FT process), and (3) the BHD process coupled with the bio-jet fuel and methanol processes (BHD-BIOJET-MEOH process) are investigated using the process model developed in Aspen Plus. The effect of the operating parameters is studied, and the condition of each process offering the highest BHD yield is proposed. Then, the pinch analysis and heat exchanger network (HEN) design of each proposed process are performed to find the highest energy-efficient configuration. The economic and environmental analysis is later performed to investigate the sustainability performance of each configuration. The conventional BHD process requires less hydrogen and consumes less energy than the others. The BHD-BIOJET-MEOH process is the most economically feasible, offering the highest net present value (NPV) of USD 7.93 million and the shortest payback period of 3 years and 1 month. However, it offers the highest carbon footprint of 0.820 kgCO<inf>2</inf> eq./kg of BHD, and it presented the highest potential environmental impact (PEI) in all categories.
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Performance Analysis of Integral Process of Bio-Oil Production, Bio-Oil Upgrading, and Hydrogen Production from Sewage Sludge
(2023-09-14)
Simasatitkul, Lida
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Lakkhanasombut, Apiwat
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Morin, Worawit
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Jedsadajerm, Supachai
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Amornraksa, Suksun
This research investigated the production of bio-oil through the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process using sewage sludge from wastewater, along with the hydrotreating of the bio-oil. The simulation process began with a wastewater flow rate of 460 tonnes/day, where the feedstock was divided into two streams. The first stream underwent the HTL process, while the other was directed towards hydrogen production. The resulting products included gaseous products, crude bio-oil, and heavy liquid. The crude bio-oil was further upgraded by introducing hydrogen, which was obtained through gasification and purified by gas separation using a palladium membrane. The primary product mainly comprised alkane, with a carbon content of 85.89% and hydrogen content of 14.11%. For the purification of gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and fuel oil, a fractionation distillation tower arrangement was designed. In addition, Additionally, the gaseous products underwent fractionation distillation to obtain 98% nitrogen and 99.9% liquid carbon dioxide. Considering the carbon footprint, it was observed that the bio-oil production process resulted in the highest greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
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Techno-economic analysis of co-production of bio-hydrogenated diesel from palm oil and methanol
(2021-09-15)
Phichitsurathaworn, Nitipat
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Simasatitkul, Lida
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Amornraksa, Suksun
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Anantpinijwatna, Amata
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Charoensuppanimit, Pongtorn
A bio-hydrogenated diesel (BHD) or green diesel is produced from refined bleached deodorized palm oil (RBDPO) via a heterogeneous catalytic reaction which requires high hydrogen to oil volumetric ratio for a complete conversion of oil. In this regard, a hydrogen recovery process is required to reduce a high amount of hydrogen loss in a gas by-product. This work proposes coupling the conventional BHD process with a production of methanol, a valuable co-product, and performs its techno-economic evaluation in comparison with the stand-alone BHD process. The results showed that the BHD process coupled with the methanol synthesis can recover by 46.3% of discharged hydrogen and reduce 14% of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emissions from the production process. Furthermore, methanol synthesis could improve the internal rate of return (IRR) by 23.2%, shorten the payback period by 2.81 years, and increase the net present value (NPV) by 54.41 million USD relative to the BHD process. Finally, environment potential impact of both processes are analyzed. The most significant on the environment is hydro-processing stage and both processes provide same environmental results.

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