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Impact of salinity stress during reproductive stage on physiological responses and yield of landrace rice genotypes
(2026-12-01)
Aninbon, Chorkaew
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Ruttanaprasert, Ruttanachira
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Pinta, Wanwipa
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Rodnuch, Nattareeporn
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Boonsom, Maythas
Salinity significantly reduces rice yield, particularly when stress occurs during the reproductive stage. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological and yield responses of rice genotypes subjected to salinity stress during this critical growth phase. The experiment followed a 4 × 10 factorial arrangements in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), comprising ten rice genotypes and four salinity levels (control, 6, 12, and 16 dS/m). Data were collected for electrolyte leakage, relative water content (RWC), proline content, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR), total phenolic content, grain yield, and 1,000-seed weight. Salinity stress significantly affected both physiological and yield-related traits across all genotypes. Under 16 dS/m salinity, RWC and SCMR declined from 86.13% to 65.59% and from 41.86 to 26.56, respectively, at 14 days after salt application. Electrolyte leakage increased from 8.80% to 19.11% and from 13.12% to 33.23%, while proline accumulation rose sharply from 37.41 to 268.75 µg/g fresh weight. In contrast, total phenolic content decreased slightly from 7.22 to 6.38 mg/g dry weight. Among the genotypes, Met Makham produced the highest grain yield under control conditions (31.72 g/plant). Under moderate to severe salinity, however, Hom Yai consistently achieved the highest yields (18.35 and 15.14 g/plant at 12 and 16 dS/m, respectively) and exhibited the smallest yield reduction (42.12%) relative to the control at 16 dS/m. This reduction was lower than that observed in the salt-tolerant check variety Pokkali. Hom Yai also maintained high RWC (80.75%), SCMR (35.55), and phenolic content (7.22 mg/g), together with relatively low electrolyte leakage (20.91%) and stable yield performance under saline conditions. These findings suggest that Hom Yai was a promising genetic resource for cultivation in saline-prone areas and can serve as valuable parental lines in breeding programs aimed at developing high-yielding, salt-tolerant rice varieties.
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Responses of Photosynthetic, Agronomic Traits, and Yields to Different Nitrogen Regimes in Juice Sugarcane cv. Suphanburi 50 in Low-Fertility Soil
(2026-01-01)
Sawatraksa, Nateetip
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Ruttanaprasert, Ruttanachira
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Aninbon, Chorkaew
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Lakhunthod, Preeyanuch
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Phiwdeang, Neeranuch
This study investigated the photosynthetic, agronomic traits, and yields responses to different nitrogen regimes of sugarcane cv. Suphanburi 50 and examined their relationship with cane yield. Field experiment was conducted during October 2022–October 2023. Four nitrogen regimes, namely, 46.9 (N base), 93.8 (N base + 46.9), 140.7 (N base + 93.8), and 203.2 (N base + 156.3) kg N/ha were studied using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications in low-fertility soil. Chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv′/Fm′), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), intercellular CO<inf>2</inf> (Ci), transpiration efficiency (TE), and agronomic traits were measured at 4, 8, and 12 months after transplanting (MAT). Biomass, cane and juice yields as well as brix were measured at 12 MAT. Applying nitrogen fertilizer at 140.7 and 203.2 kg N/ha significantly increased Fv′/Fm′, Pn, gs, Ci, and TE at 4 and 8 MAT. Applying nitrogen at 203.2 kg N/ha tended to produce higher stalk numbers (6.05 stalks/stool), cane yield (106.3 t/ha), and juice yield (33,856 L/ha); however, these traits as well as brix were not statistically significant among nitrogen regimes. These enhancements were of 15.24%, 11.89%, and 5.82% for stalk numbers, cane yield, and juice yield, respectively, when compared with N base control. Correlation showed that Fv′/Fm′ (r = 0.55∗) and E (r = 0.49∗) positively correlated with cane yield at harvest. Several agronomic traits correlated with cane yield, including tiller number at 4 MAT (r = 0.51∗), and cane height, stalk number, stalk diameter, and green leaves number (r = 0.41∗–0.60∗∗) at 8 and 12 MAT. This study provides new insights into the physiological and agronomic performance of a juice-type sugarcane cultivar grown in acidic sandy soils, offering valuable information for optimizing nutrient management and breeding strategies in juice sugarcane production.
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Adaptive responses of Jerusalem artichoke to mid-season drought: effects on phenolic compounds and p-coumaric acid content
(2025-12-01)
Ruttanaprasert, Ruttanachira
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Jogloy, Sanun
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Janket, Anon
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Siripipatthana, Patthraporn
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Senawong, Thanaset
Background: Drought stress can influence the accumulation of phenolic compounds in plants. This study investigated the adaptive response of Jerusalem artichoke to mid-season drought stress, focusing on changes in total phenolic content and p-coumaric acid contents. Methods: A pot experiment was conducted using a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Factor A comprised two irrigation treatments: field capacity (FC) and mid-season drought stress (maintaining 50% available soil water [50% AW] from 31 to 60 days after transplanting). Factor B included five Jerusalem artichoke genotypes with varying levels of drought resistance: JA 3, JA 125, JA 15, JA 89, and CN52867. Results: Mid-season drought significantly decreased leaf relative water content at 60 days after transplanting of Jerusalem artichoke in both years (73.2% in year 1 and 74.2% in year 2). Drought significantly affects total phenolic content in leaf and stem at 90 DAT but does not affect TPC in tuber. Genotype JA 125 showed high total phenolic content under drought conditions in leaf (38.3 mg GAE/g dry weight), stem (24.3 mg GAE/g dry weight) and tuber (9.0 mg GAE/g dry weight), especially in the second year. The JA3 genotype showed stability for increased accumulation of total phenolic contents under drought stress and this genotype also accumulated the highest p-coumaric acid (15.4 mg GAE/g dry weight) under drought stress. These findings highlight the potential of Jerusalem artichoke as a source of bioactive compounds and these genotypes can serve as breeding sources to enhance the drought resistance and high phenolic content of Jerusalem artichoke.
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Impact of Mid-Season Drought on Tuber Yield, Biomass, Harvest Index, and Water-Use Efficiency of Jerusalem Artichoke in Tropical Regions
(2025-02-01)
Ruttanaprasert, Ruttanachira
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Jogloy, Sanun
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Kaewkhieo-Ngam, Thanawat
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Janket, Anon
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Puttha, Ratchanee
Mid-season drought is increasingly recognized as a major constraint on tuber production in Jerusalem artichoke. The ability of different genotypes to maintain high yields under such conditions is a critical component of drought tolerance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of mid-season drought on tuber yield, biomass, harvest index, tuber water-use efficiency (WUEt), and biomass water-use efficiency (WUEb) across various Jerusalem artichoke genotypes with differing levels of drought tolerance. The experiment was conducted in pots using a 2 × 5 factorial combination in a randomized complete block design with four replications over two years. Factor A consisted of two water regimes: field capacity (FC) and mid-season drought. Factor B included five genotypes: JA 3, JA 125, JA 15, JA 89, and CN 52867. Mid-season drought significantly reduced tuber dry weight, biomass, WUEt, and WUEb, while increasing the harvest index. Significant differences were observed among genotypes for tuber dry weight, biomass, harvest index, WUEt, and WUEb under both water regimes. CN 52867 and JA 89 were characterized as drought-tolerant genotypes with high water-use efficiency and high yield potential. JA 3 was also noted for its lower yield reduction under stress. These three genotypes serve as valuable genetic resources for breeding programs aimed at developing progeny populations with enhanced yield potential and drought tolerance, particularly for mid-season drought-prone environments.
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Influence of Harvesting Time on Phytochemical Content of Colored Brown and Parboiled Rice
(2025-01-01)
Rodnuch, Nattareeporn
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Burum, Kiattisak
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Aninbon, Chorkaew
Colored rice receives more attention from consumers because of its high phytochemicals and antioxidant activity beneficial to health. The aims of this investigation were to quantify the important phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in three varieties of colored rice for production of parboiled rice and to determine the effects of harvest time on phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in parboiled rice. Three colored rice varieties were planted in a split plot design with four replications. Main-plot was three rice varieties and sub-plot consisted four harvesting dates including 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after anthesis (DAA). Sangyod had the highest total phenolic content (77.34 mg GAE/100g), and harvest at 15 DAA provided the highest phenolic content (63.53 and 109.47 mg GAE/100g in brown and parboiled rice). Riceberry had the highest anthocyanin (65.91 mg/g seed), and harvest at immature stages gave the highest anthocyanin content. Riceberry also had the highest GABA content and harvest at 15 DAA had the highest GABA content. Harvesting time of 15 DAA had the highest antioxidant activities. Parboiling increased total phenolic content in Riceberry and Tubtin Chumphae and increased GABA content in all rice varieties, yet reduced anthocyanin content.
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Yield Response of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes Cultivated in Post-Rice Paddy Field
(2025-01-01)
Ruttanaprasert, Ruttanachira
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Pinta, Wanwipa
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Pitak, Lakkana
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Janket, Anon
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Bunphan, Darika
Sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) are a nutrient-rich root crop with substantial nutritional, economic, and environmental benefits. This study assessed nine sweet potato genotypes across three distinct locations in Thailand to evaluate yield potential, adaptability, and environmental influences. Trials used a randomized complete block design with four replications. Location 1 (Thatum District) featured sandy soil with moderate pH, high salinity, and balanced nutrients but lower phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Location 2 (Maung District) had sandy, acidic soil but was the most chemically fertile, with high P and potassium (K). Location 3 (Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Surin Campus) had loamy sand with higher silt content, acidic pH, low P, K, and electrical conductivity (EC). Results highlighted significant yield differences influenced by soil and environmental variability. Genotype SR18003 achieved the highest yield and harvest index, demonstrating strong adaptability and commercial potential. Strong correlations between storage root traits (number, size, and weight) indicate their usefulness for selection. The study underscores the importance of tailored soil management and location-specific genotypes in optimizing sweet potato production, contributing to resilient varieties, sustainable farming, and improved food security. Further research on genetics and agronomy can enhance breeding and cultivation systems.
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Stability of anthocyanin, carotenoid and root yield of 10 sweet potato genotypes
(2024-12-01)
Aninbon, Chorkaew
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Surach, Noppadol
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Phungam, Nittaya
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Janket, Anon
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Bunphan, Darika
Sweet potato roots are rich in phytochemicals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of number of storage roots, storage root dry weight, harvest index and anthocyanin and carotenoid contents of 10 sweet potato genotypes. Ten sweet potato genotypes were evaluated in a randomised complete block design with three replications at three locations in Surin province, including Rajamangala University of Technology Isan (RMUTI), Chomphra district and Sanom district during November 2022 to March 2023. Results indicated that the environment significantly influenced most traits, except for carotenoid content. Genotypes and genotype-environment interactions were significant for all traits. Number of storage roots was highest in genotypes found in RMUTI. Storage root yield and anthocyanin content was highest in genotypes found in Chomphra district, while harvest index and carotenoid content were highest in genotypes found in Sanom district. SR 2022/03 had the highest storage root yield across locations and in Chomphra district. KS 2022/07 had the highest harvest index and anthocyanin content across locations. SR 2022/10 had the highest anthocyanin content at RMUTI and also had the highest carotenoid content across locations. KS 2022/07 had the most stable storage root yield. SR 2022/01 had the most stable anthocyanin and carotenoid contents. Information on the levels and variability of phytochemicals in sweet potato enables breeders to select sweet potato genotypes with high and stable phytochemicals for sweet potato breeding.
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Effects of Parboiling on Chemical Properties, Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity in Colored Landrace Rice
(2024-02-01)
Pinta, Wanwipa
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Aninbon, Chorkaew
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Kaewtaphan, Phissanu
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Kunyanee, Kannika
Parboiling influences chemical compositions in rice grains. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the change in chemical content, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of landrace rice genotypes under parboiling conditions and to identify the genotypes suitable for production of parboiled rice. Landrace rice varieties used in this study consisted of Glam Feang, Glam Tonkeaw, Kawgum, Glam Luem Phua, Medmakham, Deang Sakonnakhon, Sang Yod, Kawniewd-eang, Mali Deang, KDML105 and RD6. Parboiling reduced fiber content, total phenolic content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity in rice grains. Fiber contents were 1.46% in brown rice (unpolished rice) and 1.40% in parboiled rice (24 h of soaking and 48 h of incubation). Total phenolic contents were 205.67 mg/100 g seed in brown rice and 35.34 mg/100 g seed in parboiled rice. Antioxidant capacity (DPPH) reduced from 68.45% in brown rice to 26.23% in parboiled rice. Ash content and protein content were not significantly affected by the parboiling process. Medmakham cv. had the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in brown rice and parboiled rice. Gum Leamphea cv. and Medmakham cv. were the best genotypes for ash content, protein content, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity (DPPH) in brown rice and parboiled rice. Glam Feang cv. had the highest protein contents in brown rice and parboiled rice although it had low total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Cluster analysis further showed variation among genotypes, revealing distinct groupings in brown rice and parboiled rice based on chemical properties, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. This research significantly contributes to a better understanding on how parboiling affects rice compositions and nutritional values. It emphasizes the importance of nuanced comprehension of how different rice varieties respond to parboiling, aiding informed decisions in rice processing and selection to meet specific nutritional needs.
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Evaluation of seed sett ages and stem segment position on sugarcane yield and yield related traits
(2024-01-01)
Bunphan, Darika
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Wanna, Ruchuon
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Pinta, Wanwipa
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Aninbon, Chorkaew
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Malambane, Goitseone
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) plays a vital role in tropical and sub-tropical economies due to its high sucrose content, bioenergy potential, and drought resistance. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of different seed sett (seed material) ages and variations in stem position of the seed setts on both yield and yield related traits of sugarcane cv. Khon Kaen3 (KK3). The experiment was laid out by 3x3 factorial in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Factor A represented sugarcane seed sett ages (8, 9 and 10 months old), factor B represented different stem positions where seed setts segments were sectioned out (basal, mid and top part) and-used as planting material (clones). Agronomic management was administered at recommended rates and the growth, development and yield traits were observed. The results showed that seed sett ages influenced the number of tillers at specific growth stages, while different segments affected leaf area (LA) and stalk fresh weight. Seed sett age and position showed significant interactions for some traits. Notably, juice yield was significantly affected by both seed sett ages and segments, with the combination of 10-month-old seed setts and the middle segment yielding the highest juice. Brix value, a crucial trait for sugar production, remained unaffected by these factors. Dry matter accumulation was inconsistent, with seed sett ages impacting stalk dry weight. In conclusion, the results showed that most growth and development traits were not influenced by seed sett ages and stem position segments, but most importantly juice yield at maturity was influenced by seed sett age and position of stem segments. These findings enhance our understanding of sugarcane cultivation practices, offering valuable insights for optimizing planting strategies in the sugarcane industry.
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Genotypic Variability of Total Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) Germplasm
(2024-01-01)
Ruttanaprasert, Ruttanachira
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Jogloy, Sanun
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Sennoi, Rattikarn
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Aninbon, Chorkaew
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Puttha, Ratchanee
This research examines the variability in tuber yield, yield component, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of twenty-five Jerusalem artichoke genotypes. The field experiment is arranged using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The plant tubers are harvested at maturity and recorded for tuber dry weight, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. The results show significant genetic variations in tuber dry weight, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity determined by FRAP and ABTS methods. Significant and positive correlations are found among individual tuber dry weight, number of tubers per plant, tuber dry weight, including phenolic content, and antioxidant activity determined by the FRAPmethod. Jerusalem artichoke genotypes are classified into five groups based on tuber dry weight, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity determined by DPPH and FRAP methods. KT504 is identified as the accession with high levels of tuber dry weight, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity, and this genotype might be used as a material source for the pharmaceutical industry. Total phenolic content in the tuber can serve as an index for selecting Jerusalem artichoke genotypes with direct high antioxidant activity.

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