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Optimal design of different reforming processes of the actual composition of bio-oil for high-temperature PEMFC systems
(2017-01-26)
Authayanun, Suthida
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Saebea, Dang
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Patcharavorachot, Yaneeporn
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Assabumrungrat, Suttichai
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Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
Hydrogen production from bio-oil, a by-product of the pyrolysis of palm empty fruit bunches, using different reforming processes, i.e., steam reforming (SR), partial oxidation (POX) and autothermal reforming (ATR), is theoretically investigated using the actual composition of bio-oil. The effect of the reaction temperature, steam to carbon (S/C) ratio and oxygen to carbon (O/C) ratio on the hydrogen production and coke formation of the reformers is analysed. Favourable operating conditions to inhibit carbon formation, to produce low CO concentrations and to achieve high hydrogen yields for the hydrogen production processes coupled with a high-temperature water-gas shift reactor (HT-WGSR) in a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system is also investigated. The results show that an S/C ratio above two is preferred for the bio-oil steam reformer to keep the CO concentration below the maximum allowable limit of the high-temperature PEMFC. However, the CO concentration in the product gas from an HT-WGSR integrated with an autothermal reformer and a partial oxidation reactor is lower than the 5% limit at all temperatures (300–1000 °C), S/C ratios (1–2) and O/C ratios (0.3–1) considered. The efficiency of different bio-oil reforming processes integrated with high-temperature PEMFC systems is studied. The highest system efficiency is achieved from the integrated system consisting of a bio-oil steam reformer, an HT-WGSR and a high-temperature PEMFC with heat integration.
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Thermodynamic analysis of solid oxide fuel cell system using different ethanol reforming processes
(2015-06-08)
Thanomjit, Chollaphan
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Patcharavorachot, Yaneeporn
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Ponpesh, Pimporn
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Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
In this study, a performance of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system integrated with different ethanol reforming processes (i.e., steam reforming (SR), partial oxidation (POX) and autothermal reforming (ATR)) is investigated with the aim to determine a suitable ethanol reforming process for the SOFC system. The thermodynamic analysis of the SOFC system operated under steady state conditions was performed using flowsheet simulator. A detailed electrochemical model incorporating all voltage losses (i.e., activation, ohmic and concentration losses) was considered. The simulation results showed that increases in reformer and SOFC temperatures can improve the electrical performance of the SOFC system. The electrical performance of the SOFC-SR is maximized because this reforming process provides the highest hydrogen yield. However, because the SOFC included an internal methane reformation, electrical performances of SOFC systems with different reforming systems are slightly different. When the thermal efficiency was determined, it was revealed that the SOFC-POX system had a higher thermal efficiency with an increasing O/E and decreasing reformer and SOFC temperatures.
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Evaluation of an integrated methane autothermal reforming and high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell system
(2015-02-01)
Authayanun, Suthida
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Saebea, Dang
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Patcharavorachot, Yaneeporn
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Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
The aim of this study was to investigate the performance and efficiency of an integrated autothermal reforming and HT-PEMFC (high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell) system fueled by methane. Effect of the inclusion of a CO (carbon monoxide) removal process on the integrated HT-PEMFC system was considered. An increase in the S/C (steam-to-carbon) ratio and the reformer temperature can enhance the hydrogen fraction while the CO formation reduces with increasing S/C ratio. The fuel processor efficiency of the methane autothermal reformer with a WGS (water gas shift reactor) reactor, as the CO removal process, is higher than that without a WGS reactor. A higher fuel processor efficiency can be obtained when the feed of the autothermal reformer is preheated to the reformer temperature. Regarding the cell performance, the reformate gas from the methane reformer operated at T<inf>in</inf>=T<inf>R</inf> and with a high S/C ratio is suitable for the HT-PEMFC system without a WGS reactor. When considering the HT-PEMFC system with a WGS reactor, the CO poisoning has less significant impact on the cell performance and the system can be operated over a broader range to minimize the required total active area. A WGS reactor is necessary for the methane autothermal reforming and HT-PEMFC integrated system with regard to the system efficiency.
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Investigation of a proton-conducting SOFC with internal autothermal reforming of methane
(2013-08-01)
Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
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Patcharavorachot, Yaneeporn
This study presents a performance analysis of a proton-conducting SOFC (SOFC-H+) with internal reforming of methane. The autothermal reforming within the SOFC-H+ stack is considered to be a potential solution of the carbon formation problem facing in operation of internal steam reforming SOFC-H+. A one-dimensional, steady-state model of the SOFC-H+ coupled with a detailed electrochemical model is employed to investigate its performance in terms of power density and fuel cell efficiency. The simulation results show that when SOFC-H+ is operated under an autothermal reforming environment, the presence of carbon monoxide, which is a major cause of carbon formation, in the fuel cell stack decreases. Effect of key operating parameters, such as temperature, steam-to-carbon and oxygen-to-carbon feed ratios, current density and fuel utilization, on the SOFC-H+ performance in terms of electrical efficiencies and energy demand is also investigated. The results indicate that operating temperatures have strong influence on SOFC-H+ performance, carbon monoxide production and heat generation. © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers.
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Investigation of a proton-conducting SOFC with internal autothermal reforming of methane
(2012-01-01)
Patcharavorachot, Yaneeporn
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Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
In this study, a proton-conducting SOFC (SOFC-H + ) with internal autothermal reforming of methane is proposed to overcome the carbon formation problem facing in the SOFC-H + with internal steam reforming. A one-dimensional steady-state model coupled with a detailed electrochemical model is developed to investigate the performance of the SOFC-H + (power density and fuel cell efficiency). The effect of key operating parameters such as temperature, H <inf>2</inf> O/CH <inf>4</inf> and O <inf>2</inf> /CH <inf>4</inf> feed ratios, on the SOFC-H + is also determined in this study. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

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