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Author: search.filters.author.Badejo, Adekunle A.

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    Comprehensive Evaluation of Vertical Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands with Aquatic Plants on Water Quality of Raw and Phyto-Remediated Poultry-Aquaculture Wastewater: A Principal Component Analysis
    (2026-06-01)
    Akadiri, Shadrach A.
    ;
    Dada, Pius O.O.
    ;
    Badejo, Adekunle A.
    ;
    Adeosun, Olayemi J.
    ;
    Faloye, Oluwaseun T.
    This study investigated the efficiency of macrophyte-based phytoremediation systems using Phragmites karka and Typha latifolia for the treatment of poultry–aquaculture wastewater and its suitability for irrigation reuse. Physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, and water quality indices were analysed using correlation analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Strong positive correlations were observed among turbidity, nutrients, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD<inf>5</inf>), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), while dissolved oxygen (DO) showed significant negative relationships, indicating organic pollution-driven oxygen depletion. Heavy metals exhibited strong intercorrelations, suggesting common anthropogenic sources and similar removal pathways. PCA results revealed that the first three principal components (PCs) explained over 95% of the total variance, with positive values recorded from the first PC highlighting organic load, nutrient enrichment, and metal interactions as dominant factors controlling wastewater quality. The negative values of factor loadings obtained in the second and third PCs confirmed the roles of sedimentation, adsorption, microbial activity, and plant uptake in pollutant removal. Water Quality Index (WQI) values decreased drastically from highly polluted levels (>3000) in raw wastewater to <1.0 after 21 days of treatment, indicating excellent water quality. Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) also declined significantly, confirming a low sodicity risk. Both macrophytes demonstrated high treatment efficiency, with Typha latifolia showing slightly improved sodium reduction. Overall, the study highlights macrophyte-based systems as sustainable, cost-effective solutions for wastewater treatment and safe agricultural reuse.
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    The Effect of Retention Time and Seasonal Variation on the Characterization of Phyto-Remediated Aquaculture Wastewater in a Constructed Wetland
    (2025-10-01)
    Akadiri, Shadrach A.
    ;
    Dada, Pius O.O.
    ;
    Badejo, Adekunle A.
    ;
    Adeosun, Olayemi J.
    ;
    Ogunrinde, Akinwale T.
    The insufficient availability of safe water has emerged as a prevalent issue severely impacting public health in developing nations. Moreover, studies reporting the efficacy of treatment plants (TPs)—specifically Phragmites karka and Typha latifolia—in removing toxic elements in aquaculture wastewater are scanty. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT), seasonal variations, and TPs on the removal efficiency of pollutants from a vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland (VSSF-CW) in Nigeria. The experiments spanned three seasons (November–December–January—NDJ; March–April–May—MAM; and July–August–September—JAS) of the year, with samples collected from the CW at 7 day intervals for analysis. The aquaculture wastewater was analyzed in the laboratory to determine its chemical and toxic compositions before and after the introduction of treatment plants. Three-way ANOVA was used to analyze the main and interactive effects between HRT, seasons, and TPs on the physicochemical properties of the CW’s effluents. The removal efficiency was determined to evaluate the performance of the constructed wetland in comparison to the treatment plants. Results showed that these constructed wetlands effectively removed contaminants, with significant differences (p < 0.05) mostly observed in the effects of treatment plant types and seasons on the chemical and heavy metal concentrations. This was further confirmed by the main effects of HRT, seasons, and treatment plant choice, which significantly (p < 0.05) influenced treatment efficiency. Removal efficiencies increased with longer HRTs, reaching peak removal efficiencies of approximately 69, 67, and 61% for Na, K, and Ca, respectively. The BOD and COD reached 85 and 90% removal efficiency, while removal efficiency of 100% was achieved for most heavy metals at 21 day retention time. In summary, the study found that TPs (Phragmites karka and Typha latifolia), HRT, and seasonal variation are important for treating integrated poultry and aquaculture wastewater in a VSSF CWs.