DSpace-CRIS

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Application of Geo-CropSim framework for rainfed sugarcane yield assessment in Thailand
(2022-03-28)
Bandaru, Varaprasad
;
Chirumamilla, Pallavi
;
Skakun, Sergii
;
Lasko, Kristofer
;
Yampracha, Sukunya
The adoption of hybrid approaches that use remote sensing datasets in crop simulation models for yield assessment at spatial scale has been constrained by lack of crop type maps and high-resolution remote sensing datasets. To address that, Geo-CropSim, a geospatial crop simulation modeling framework, was developed to produce high quality remote sensing products and use them in Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model to estimate crop yields at various spatial scales. In this study, Geo-CropSim was implemented within the Chaiyaphum province, Thailand to estimate sugarcane yields under rainfed conditions for the 2018 at 500-m resolution. Results showed that the use of Harmonized Landsat Sentinel (HLS) data along with sentinel-1 SAR data allowed to produce a land cover map with an overall accuracy of 96%. Similarly, utilization of HLS data helped to estimate emergence dates and seasonal leaf area index capturing spatial differences driven by differences in climatic conditions. Geo-CropSim yield estimates ranged from 55-98 Mg/ha and showed a typical north-south gradient of decreased yields reflecting lower rainfall and soil quality in the south. Simulated yields showed good a correlation with district and field observed yields with RMSE values of 11.7 Mg/ha and 15.75 Mg/ha, respectively. Overall, simulated yields had uncertainty indicated by mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), less than 20% which is considered as acceptable accuracy for regional yield assessment. Even though it is required to test the framework's performance for long-term consistency over multiple regions, this study demonstrated Geo-CropSim's potential to produce sugarcane yields under rainfed conditions with reasonable accuracy.
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Limiting rice and sugarcane residue burning in Thailand: Current status, challenges and strategies
(2020-12-15)
Kumar, Ipsita
;
Bandaru, Varaprasad
;
Yampracha, Sukunya
;
Sun, Laixiang
;
Fungtammasan, Bundit
As population and consumption grow, so does crop production and its residue. Crop residue is traditionally burned in developing countries, which impacts environment, economy, society and health. Thailand faces similar challenges as it is among the largest producers of rice paddy and sugarcane in the world with 83% of its total burnt residue coming from these crops. To address this problem, the Government of Thailand has implemented some policies (e.g. Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP) and zero burning policy for sugarcane) targeting both, the use of residue, and the practice of burning. While these policies appear to control residue burning to some extent, there are still challenges, especially for poorer farmers, who rely on manual harvesting practices. The paper looks into the current status of rice and sugarcane residue burning, its impacts on the environment, existing policies, current challenges, and future solutions through sustainable management practices. To achieve reduction in residue burning, the best possible solution is to use residue for alternative purposes. Some sustainable management practices include use of residue for energy production, green harvesting to improve soil nutrients, biochar production and composting. Thailand can also learn from solutions implemented in other countries, to reduce some of the impacts of crop residue burning.

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