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Author: search.filters.author.Boonmee, WimonmatSubject: search.filters.subject.Renewable calcium source

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    Upcycling bivalve mollusk shell wastes into triple super-, mono-and di-calcium phosphates for fertilizers and mineral animal feed
    (2025-02-01)
    Laohavisuti, Nongnuch
    ;
    Seangarun, Chaowared
    ;
    Boonchom, Banjong
    ;
    Rungrojchaipon, Pesak
    ;
    Boonmee, Wimonmat
    To reduce and utilize many mollusk shell wastes, they can be transferred to calcium carbonate (CaCO<inf>3</inf>) powders by mechanical grinding and then the obtained powders can be upcycled into various calcium phosphates. Triple super-, mono-and di-calcium phosphates were prepared by rapidly simple, cheap, and environmentally friendly processes using bivalve mollusk shell wastes. Triple superphosphate (TSP) powder was obtained by a reaction between phosphoric acid and mollusk shell-derived CaCO<inf>3</inf> powder and then was dissolved with water to classify non-soluble and soluble fractions by filtration. Non-soluble fraction was dried to obtain a gray-white powder of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO<inf>4</inf>·2 H<inf>2</inf>O). The self-evaporating process recrystallized the solution fraction to get a white powder of monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (Ca(H<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O). All synthesized calcium phosphate samples were characterized and confirmed by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermal analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetric analysis (DTA) were conducted to evaluate phase stability and thermal behavior. The analyses revealed the crucial influence of temperature on phase transitions and stability, providing insights into decomposition patterns and confirming phase purity. All the calcium phosphates were found to be highly purified and phosphorus-rich, making them effective for use in fertilizers and mineral animal feed. Additionally, the green and low-cost preparation of three calcium phosphates proposed in this research will be valuable for reducing waste mollusk shells by reforming them into value-added chemical products that point out the viewpoint of a zero-waste operation for obtaining sustainable development of an effective waste management and recycling technique.
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    Cockle-shell biowaste as a low-cost renewable source for synthesis of calcium acetate monohydrate as a precursor of quasi-amorphous calcium pyrophosphate hydrate
    (2025-01-01)
    Thompho, Somphob
    ;
    Laohavisuti, Nongnuch
    ;
    Seangarun, Chaowared
    ;
    Boonchom, Banjong
    ;
    Rungrojchaipon, Pesak
    Calcium-rich seashell wastes can be used as renewable materials to prepare value-added compounds. This work proposed an eco-environmental preparation of calcium pyrophosphate by using cockle-shell biowaste as a low-cost renewable calcium source for the first time. Cockle shell was first ground, obtaining calcium carbonate (CaCO<inf>3</inf>) powders, which were then used as the renewable material to synthesize calcium acetate monohydrate (Ca(CH<inf>3</inf>COO)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O) via acetic acid reaction. After that, cockle-derived calcium acetate monohydrate was subsequently prepared as a solution to synthesize calcium pyrophosphate (Ca<inf>2</inf>P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>7</inf>·xH<inf>2</inf>O) via a simple precipitation process with tetrasodium pyrophosphate decahydrate (Na<inf>4</inf>P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>7</inf>·10H<inf>2</inf>O). The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized calcium acetate precursor and its calcium pyrophosphate product were investigated by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The characterization results demonstrate that cockle shell powder (CaCO<inf>3</inf>) is a potentially renewable source for the preparation of triclinic calcium acetate with the chemical formula of Ca(CH<inf>3</inf>COO)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O, which was further used as the precursor to form value-added amorphous calcium pyrophosphate with the chemical formula of Ca<inf>2</inf>P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>7</inf>·4H<inf>2</inf>O. This approach not only demonstrates the feasibility of using biogenic Ca-sources for material synthesis but also offers an environmentally friendly process with potential long-term benefits in reducing environmental issues, promoting sustainable chemical production, and increasing value to the underused biowaste.
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    Green Ca-source of cockle shells converted to calcium acetate for environmental sustainability
    (2024-06-15)
    Seesanong, Somkiat
    ;
    Seangarun, Chaowared
    ;
    Boonchom, Banjong
    ;
    Ohpasee, Natee
    ;
    Laohavisuti, Nongnuch
    This work aimed to synthesize and characterize the calcium acetate monohydrate (Ca(CH<inf>3</inf>COO)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O) from the exothermic reaction between CaCO<inf>3</inf> powder derived from cockle shells with three different acetic acids (8, 10, and 12 mol L<sup>−1</sup>) concentrations by the rapid and easy process without pH and temperature control to lead to cheap chemical production. The physicochemical characteristics of all synthesized Ca(CH<inf>3</inf>COO)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O samples are investigated based on the chemical compositions, crystal structures, vibrational characteristics, morphologies, and thermal behavior to confirm the target compound. A suitable concentration of 10 mol L<sup>−1</sup> CH<inf>3</inf>COOH was chosen to produce Ca(CH<inf>3</inf>COO)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O with the highest yield (96.30 %), maximum calcium content (96.2 % CaO) with lower impurities, and time consumption of 17 h. The calcium acetate product obtained from cockle shells in this work shows differences in thermal stability, morphological structure purity, %yield, and metal contamination with those reported obtained from other sources and another shell type in the previous work. This research investigates the transformation of cockle shell waste into CaCO<inf>3</inf> for the production of calcium acetate, aiming to address environmental sustainability concerns by reducing the use of calcium ore resources and greenhouse gas emissions.