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Day–Night All-Sky Scene Classification with an Attention-Enhanced EfficientNet
(2026-02-01)
Boonpook, Wuttichai
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Torteeka, Peerapong
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Torsri, Kritanai
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Kamthonkiat, Daroonwan
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Tan, Yumin
All-sky cameras provide continuous hemispherical observations essential for atmospheric monitoring and observatory operations; however, automated classification of sky conditions in tropical environments remains challenging due to strong illumination variability, atmospheric scattering, and overlapping thin-cloud structures. This study proposes EfficientNet-Attention-SPP Multi-scale Network (EASMNet), a physics-aware deep learning framework for robust all-sky scene classification using hemispherical imagery acquired at the Thai National Observatory. The proposed architecture integrates Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) blocks for radiometric channel stabilization, the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) for spatial–semantic refinement, and Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) for hemispherical multi-scale context aggregation within a fully fine-tuned EfficientNetB7 backbone, forming a domain-aware atmospheric representation framework. A large-scale dataset comprising 122,660 RGB images across 13 day–night sky-scene categories was curated, capturing diverse tropical atmospheric conditions including humidity, haze, illumination transitions, and sensor noise. Extensive experimental evaluations demonstrate that the EASMNet achieves 93% overall accuracy, outperforming representative convolutional (VGG16, ResNet50, DenseNet121) and transformer-based architectures (Swin Transformer, Vision Transformer). Ablation analyses confirm the complementary contributions of hierarchical attention and multi-scale aggregation, while class-wise evaluation yields F1-scores exceeding 0.95 for visually distinctive categories such as Day Humid, Night Clear Sky, and Night Noise. Residual errors are primarily confined to physically transitional and low-contrast atmospheric regimes. These results validate the EASMNet as a reliable, interpretable, and computationally feasible framework for real-time observatory dome automation, astronomical scheduling, and continuous atmospheric monitoring, and provide a scalable foundation for autonomous sky-observation systems deployable across diverse climatic regions.
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Artificial Neural Network for Air Pollutant Concentration Predictions Based on Aircraft Trajectories over Suvarnabhumi International Airport
(2025-04-01)
Kamsing, Patcharin
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Cao, Chunxiang
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Boonpook, Wuttichai
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Boonprong, Sornkitja
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Xu, Min
Air pollutant concentration prediction is essential not only for effective air quality management but also for planning aircraft and ground vehicle route networks in terminal areas. In this work, an artificial neural network (ANN) is used to predict the concentration levels of four types of air pollutants (CO, NO<inf>2</inf>, PM<inf>2.5</inf>, and PM<inf>10</inf>) at Suvarnabhumi International Airport. By leveraging Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) historical data, aircraft trajectory pattern clustering is implemented by using K-means and Gaussian mixture model (GMM) clustering algorithms. Then, those trajectory patterns are inputted together with other flight data into ANN computation processes, resulting in an effective air pollutant prediction model for each kind of focus pollutant. The results demonstrate that the mean square errors (MSEs) of the predicted models for CO and PM<inf>2.5</inf> have acceptable values of 51.7622 and 53.9682, respectively, while the predicted model for NO<inf>2</inf> and PM<inf>10</inf> has MSEs of 139.6674 and 124.2517, respectively. This study contributes to the advancement of air pollutant prediction methodologies, facilitating better decision-making processes, proactive air quality management, and route network planning at airports. Although some prediction models for focused air pollutants have slightly high MSEs, further study is needed to enhance the prediction model capacity.
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Joint Iterative Satellite Pose Estimation and Particle Swarm Optimization
(2025-02-01)
Kamsing, Patcharin
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Cao, Chunxiang
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Zhao, You
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Boonpook, Wuttichai
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Tantiparimongkol, Lalida
Satellite pose estimation (PE) is crucial for space missions and orbital maneuvering. High-accuracy satellite PE could reduce risks, enhance safety, and help achieve the objectives of close proximity and docking operations for autonomous systems by reducing the need for manual control in the future. This article presents a joint iterative satellite PE and particle swarm optimization (PE-PSO) method. The PE-PSO method uses the number of batches derived from satellite PE as the number of particles and keeps the number of epochs from the satellite PE process as the number of epochs for PSO. The objective function of PSO is the training function of the implemented network. The output obtained from the previous objective function is applied to update the new positions of the particles, which serve as the inputs of the current training function. The PE-PSO method is tested on synthetic Soyuz satellite image datasets acquired from the Unreal Rendered Spacecrafts On-Orbit Datasets (URSOs) under different preset hyperparameters. The proposed method significantly reduces the incurred loss, especially during the batch-processing operation of each epoch. The results illustrate the accuracy improvement attained by the PE-PSO method over epoch processing, but its time consumption is not distinct from that of the conventional method. In addition, PE-PSO achieves better performance by reducing the mean position estimation error by 13.1% and the mean orientation estimation error on the testing dataset by 29.1% based on the pretrained weights of Common Objects in Context (COCO). Additionally, PE-PSO improves the accuracy of the Soyuz_hard-based weight by 7.8% and 0.3% in terms of the mean position estimation error and mean orientation estimation error, respectively.
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PCL-PTD Net: Parallel Cross-Learning-Based Pixel Transferred Deconvolutional Network for Building Extraction in Dense Building Areas With Shadow
(2023-01-01)
Boonpook, Wuttichai
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Tan, Yumin
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Torsri, Kritanai
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Kamsing, Patcharin
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Torteeka, Peerapong
Urban building segmentation from remote sensed imageries is challenging because there usually exists a variety of building features. Furthermore, very high spatial resolution imagery can provide many details of the urban building, such as styles, small gaps among buildings, building shadows, etc. Hence, satisfactory accuracy in detecting and extracting urban features from highly detailed images still remains. Deep learning semantic segmentation using baseline networks works well on building extraction; however, their ability in building extraction in shadows area, unclear building feature, and narrow gaps among buildings in dense building zone is still limited. In this article, we propose parallel cross-learning-based pixel transferred deconvolutional network (PCL-PTD net), and then is used to segment urban buildings from aerial photographs. The proposed method is evaluated and intercompared with traditional baseline networks. In PCL-PTD net, it is composed of parallel network, cross-learning functions, residual unit in encoder part, and PTD in decoder part. The performance is applied to three datasets (Inria aerial dataset, international society for photogrammetry and remote sensing Potsdam dataset, and UAV building dataset), to evaluate its accuracy and robustness. As a result, we found that PCL-PTD net can improve learning capacities of the supervised learning model in differentiating buildings in dense area and extracting buildings covered by shadows. As compared to the baseline networks, we found that proposed network shows superior performance compared to all eight networks (SegNet, U-net, pyramid scene parsing network, PixelDCL, DeeplabV3+, U-Net++, context feature enhancement networ, and improved ResU-Net). The experiments on three datasets also demonstrate the ability of proposed framework and indicating its performance.
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Deep Learning Semantic Segmentation for Land Use and Land Cover Types Using Landsat 8 Imagery
(2023-01-01)
Boonpook, Wuttichai
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Tan, Yumin
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Nardkulpat, Attawut
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Torsri, Kritanai
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Torteeka, Peerapong
Using deep learning semantic segmentation for land use extraction is the most challenging problem in medium spatial resolution imagery. This is because of the deep convolution layer and multiple levels of deep steps of the baseline network, which can cause a degradation problem in small land use features. In this paper, a deep learning semantic segmentation algorithm which comprises an adjustment network architecture (LoopNet) and land use dataset is proposed for automatic land use classification using Landsat 8 imagery. The experimental results illustrate that deep learning semantic segmentation using the baseline network (SegNet, U-Net) outperforms pixel-based machine learning algorithms (MLE, SVM, RF) for land use classification. Furthermore, the LoopNet network, which comprises a convolutional loop and convolutional block, is superior to other baseline networks (SegNet, U-Net, PSPnet) and improvement networks (ResU-Net, DeeplabV3+, U-Net++), with 89.84% overall accuracy and good segmentation results. The evaluation of multispectral bands in the land use dataset demonstrates that Band 5 has good performance in terms of extraction accuracy, with 83.91% overall accuracy. Furthermore, the combination of different spectral bands (Band 1–Band 7) achieved the highest accuracy result (89.84%) compared to individual bands. These results indicate the effectiveness of LoopNet and multispectral bands for land use classification using Landsat 8 imagery.
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Deep neural learning adaptive sequential monte carlo for automatic image and speech recognition
(2020-01-01)
Kamsing, Patcharin
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Torteeka, Peerapong
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Boonpook, Wuttichai
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Cao, Chunxiang
To enhance the performance of image classification and speech recognition, the optimizer is considered an important factor for achieving high accuracy. The state-of-the-art optimizer can perform to serve in applications that may not require very high accuracy, yet the demand for high-precision image classification and speech recognition is increasing. This study implements an adaptive method for applying the particle filter technique with a gradient descent optimizer to improve model learning performance. Using a pretrained model helps reduce the computational time to deploy an image classification model and uses a simple deep convolutional neural network for speech recognition. The applied method results in a higher speech recognition accuracy score - 89.693% for the test dataset - than the conventional method, which reaches 89.325%. The applied method also performs well on the image classification task, reaching an accuracy of 89.860% on the test dataset, better than the conventional method, which has an accuracy of 89.644%. Despite a slight difference in accuracy, the applied optimizer performs well in this dataset overall.

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