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Antimalarial and antimicrobial substances from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum BCC71876
(2026-01-01)
Bunbamrung, Nantiya
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Intaraudom, Chakapong
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Dramae, Aibrohim
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Boonyuen, Nattawut
;
Choowong, Wilunda
Three previously undescribed compounds including 2′,3′-dihydroxy-4,5′,4″-trimethoxy-p-terphenyl (1), 5-methoxyhydroperoxycochliodinol (2), and 5-(3′,3′-dimethylallyl)indole-3-oxoacetic acid (17), along with fifteen known compounds (3–16 and 18), were isolated from the endophytic fungus, Chaetomium globosum BCC71876. The chemical structures were determined by NMR spectral information as well as the comparison with those closely related compounds reported in the literature. The compounds isolated were evaluated for biological properties including antimalarial, anti-TB, anti-plant pathogenic fungal, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity. The isolated compounds exhibited a wide range of biological activities against the tested cell lines and showed very low cytotoxicity against both cancerous (MCF-7 and NCI-H187) and non-cancerous (Vero) cells, except for compounds 5, 10, 11, 17, and 18 (IC<inf>50</inf> 0.47 − 114.8 µM). Cochliodinol (5) had the strongest antimalarial activity (IC<inf>50</inf> 4.39 µM), whereas chaetomugilin J (11) showed the strongest anti-TB activity (MIC 3.13 µg/mL).
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cis-Decalinoyltetramic Acid Derivatives from the Palm Fungus Leptosporella arengae TBRC-BCC32590
(2025-11-28)
Intaraudom, Chakapong
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Bunbamrung, Nantiya
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Dramae, Aibrohim
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Nithithanasilp, Sutichai
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Boonyuen, Nattawut
Twelve hitherto undescribed cis-decalinoyltetramic acid derivatives (arengasetins A – L), a unique spiro[2.4]heptendione (spiroarengarone) and two benzoquinones (arengaquinones A and B), together with the highly oxygenated polycyclic molecule, epicolactone, were isolated from the palm fungus Leptosporella arengae TBRC-BCC 32590. Chemical structures were determined by extensive analyses of 2D NMR spectroscopic data and chemical means. The absolute configuration of arengasetin A (1) was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic information, while the absolute configurations of other related compounds were corroborated by comparison of NMR spectroscopic data and chemical reactions. The isolated compounds exhibited activity against Plasmodium falciparum (K1, multidrug-resistant strain, IC<inf>50</inf> 6.42 – > 38.76 μM), Bacillus cereus (MIC 0.78 – > 50.0 μg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 1.56 – > 50.0 μg/mL), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC 6.25 – > 50.0 μg/mL). Cytotoxicity against both cancerous (MCF-7 and NCI-H187) and noncancerous (Vero) was also reported.
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Fabrication of mycelium (oyster mushroom)-based composites derived from spent coffee grounds with pineapple fibre reinforcement
(2024-01-01)
Kohphaisansombat, Chatchai
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Jongpipitaporn, Yanisa
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Laoratanakul, Pitak
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Tantipaibulvut, Sukon
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Euanorasetr, Jirayut
Mycelium-based composites (MBCs) are eco-friendly materials made by combining mushroom mycelia with lignocellulosic biomass, offering diverse applications such as packaging and construction. The specific characteristics of MBCs can be significantly influenced by the choice of substrates and reinforcing materials during myco-fabrication. This study aims to improve MBCs sourced from Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) using spent coffee grounds (SCGs) as the main substrate, combined with natural pineapple fibres (NPFs). NPFs are incorporated to SCGs in different proportions (10% to 30%) to explore their potential in improving the material properties of MBCs. The findings demonstrate that the mechanical properties of MBCs, as well as the physical and chemical properties, can be altered by manipulating the proportion of NPFs. The MBCs reinforced with 10% NPFs exhibit the highest density and compressive strength, while the MBC with 30% NPFs outperforms others in terms of bending strength, water absorption, swelling, and sound absorption. Furthermore, a fire resistance test affirms the non-combustible properties of the MBC made of SCGs and NPFs, thereby demonstrating its safety features. These MBCs, made from oyster mushroom, embody a hopeful substitute for product creation and production in relation to practical usage, eco-friendly manufacturing techniques, and recyclability throughout its lifecycle.
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Unravelling the hidden diversity of cave mycobiota in Thailand’s Satun Geopark
(2023-12-01)
Suetrong, Satinee
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Preedanon, Sita
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Kobmoo, Noppol
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Srihom, Charisa
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Somrithipol, Sayanh
Karst caves are distinctive ecosystems that have limited nutrients, darkness, low to moderate temperatures, and high moisture levels, which allow for a diverse range of fungal communities to thrive. Despite their significance, little is understood about the fungi found in karst caves in Thailand. In 2019, we studied the cultured mycobiota from five substrate types (air, water, rock, soil/sediment, and organic debris) in two karst caves (Le Stegodon and Phu Pha Phet Caves) of the Satun UNESCO Global Geopark, southern Thailand. A cumulative count of 829 distinct fungal morphological types was identified, encompassing 319 fungal culturable were observed. Based on preliminary analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence using BLAST searches, the most common phylum among the fungal morphotypes was Ascomycota, harboring 282 species in 91 genera, 93.4% of which were distributed in the classes Eurotiomycetes, Sordariomycetes, and Dothideomycetes. The most common fungal genera identified in the two karst caves were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Talaromyces, Xylaria, and Trichoderma, with 45, 41, 24, 14, 14, and 6 species identified, respectively. Discovering fungi in Thai karst caves highlights the extensive fungal diversity in the Satun UNESCO Global Geopark, implying undiscovered species, and emphasizing the need for comprehensive investigations in other unexplored Thai karst caves.
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Eremophilane sesquiterpenoids from the endophytic fungus Curvularia lunata BCC76963
(2023-03-21)
Sadorn, Karoon
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Saepua, Siriporn
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Boonyuen, Nattawut
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Auncharoen, Patchanee
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Rachtawee, Pranee
A chemical investigation on broth and mycelia extracts of the endophytic fungus Curvularia lunata BCC76963 led to the isolation of five new eremophilane sesquiterpenoids, curvuleremophilanes A−D (1–4) and septeremophilane I (5), one new conjugated unsaturated fatty acid, (6S,2E,4E)-8-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylocta-2,4-dienoic acid (6), and one new phenylacetic acid derivative, 4′-chlorocurvulin (8), along with ten known compounds. The chemical structures were elucidated based on the analyses of HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of eremophilanes were assigned by the evidence from NOESY correlations, chemical conversion, optical rotation values, and ECD spectroscopic data in conjunction with biogenetic considerations. In addition, the absolute stereochemistry of compound 5 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Curvuleremophilane A (1), dendryphiellin I (10), chaetopenoid B (11), and bipolaroxin (12) displayed antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum K1 with IC<inf>50</inf> values in a range of 3.64–7.77 μM and antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values in a range of 3.13–12.50 and 1.56–25.00 μg/mL, respectively. These compounds, except for compound 11, also showed cytotoxicity against NCI-H187 and Vero cells with respective IC<inf>50</inf> values in a range of 2.76–3.97 and 2.34–4.67 μM.
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Diphenyl ethers and depsidones from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus unguis BCC54176
(2022-01-22)
Sadorn, Karoon
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Saepua, Siriporn
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Bunbamrung, Nantiya
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Boonyuen, Nattawut
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Komwijit, Somjit
Four new diphenyl ethers, aspergillusethers G−J (1–4), and one new depsidone, emeguisin D (7), together with eighteen known compounds have been isolated and characterized from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus unguis BCC54176. The chemical structures were established based on spectroscopic evidence in conjunction with a chemical transformation. Furthermore, the chemical structure of compound 7 was verified by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The isolated compounds were evaluated for biological activity. Compound 7, emeguisin C (10), and nidulin (14) showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus with an equal MIC value of 1.56 μg/mL, while emeguisin A (8), nornidulin (13), 2-chlorounguinol (16), and aspergillusidone C (21) displayed anti-phytopathogenic activity against Colletotrichum acutatum with the equal MIC value of 3.13 μg/mL. Compound 7 was also active against Staphylococcus aureus with an MIC value of 1.56 μg/mL. However, none of the tested compounds had cytotoxicity against cancerous (MCF-7 and NCI–H187) and non-cancerous (Vero) cells.
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Bioactive Dimeric Tetrahydroxanthones with 2,2′- And 4,4′-Axial Linkages from the Entomopathogenic FungusAschersonia confluens
(2021-04-23)
Sadorn, Karoon
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Saepua, Siriporn
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Boonyuen, Nattawut
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Choowong, Wilunda
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Rachtawee, Pranee
Thirteen tetrahydroxanthone dimers,atrop-ascherxanthone A (1), ascherxanthones C-G (2-6), and confluxanthones A-G (7-13), were isolated from the entomopathogenic fungusAschersonia confluensBCC53152. The chemical structures were determined based on analysis of NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data. The absolute configurations of compounds1and7were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments, while the configurations of other compounds were assigned based upon evidence from NOESY and NOEDIFF experiments, modified Mosher’s method, and ECD spectroscopic data together with biogenetic considerations. Compounds1,3-5,7-11, and13showed antimalarial activity againstPlasmodium falciparum(K1, multidrug-resistant strain) (IC<inf>50</inf>0.6-6.1 μM), antitubercular activity againstMycobacterium tuberculosisH37Ra (MIC 6.3-25.0 μg/mL), and cytotoxicity against NCI-H187 (IC<inf>50</inf>0.5-3.5 μM) and Vero (IC<inf>50</inf>0.9-6.1 μM) cells. All tested compounds except for compound9exhibited cytotoxicity against KB cells (IC<inf>50</inf>1.3-9.7 μM).
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Phenolic glucosides and chromane analogs from the insect fungus Conoideocrella krungchingensis BCC53666
(2019-06-21)
Sadorn, Karoon
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Saepua, Siriporn
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Boonyuen, Nattawut
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Komwijit, Somjit
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Rachtawee, Pranee
Six new compounds, named conoideoglucosides A − C and conoideochromanes A − C, together with eight known compounds, including eutypinic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-chromene-6-carboxylic acid, (−)-luteoskyrin, (−)-4a-oxyluteoskyrin, chrysophanol, islandicin, catenarin, and (22E)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol were isolated from the insect fungus Conoideocrella krungchingensis BCC53666. (−)-Luteoskyrin exhibited a broad range of antimicrobial activity such as antimalarial (IC<inf>50</inf> 0.51 μg/mL), antitubercular (MIC 6.25 μg/mL), antibacterial (both Gram positive; MIC 0.39–1.56 μg/mL and Gram negative; MIC 3.13–12.50 μg/mL), and antifungal (against various plant pathogens; MIC 3.13–50.00 μg/mL)activities, while (−)-4a-oxyluteoskyrin and catenarin showed weaker antibacterial activity. Moreover, eutypinic acid, (−)-luteoskyrin, (−)-4a-oxyluteoskyrin, and catenarin showed cytotoxicity against NCI-H187 cells with IC<inf>50</inf> in a range of 0.16–17.99 μg/mL, while eutypinic acid and catenarin had no cytotoxicity against non-cancerous (Vero)cells at maximum tested concentration (50 μg/mL). The complete NMR spectral data and biological activity of the known (−)-4a-oxyluteoskyrin was also reported for the first time.
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Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of xanthoquinodin analogs from the fungus Cytospora eugeniae BCC42696
(2018-07-01)
Sadorn, Karoon
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Saepua, Siriporn
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Boonyuen, Nattawut
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Boonruangprapa, Tanapong
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Rachtawee, Pranee
Eleven previously undescribed compounds, including cytosporanthraxanthone, xanthoquinodins A7–A10, ketoxanthoquinodin A6, xanthoquinodins B6–B8, and spiroxanthoquinodins A and B, and one synthetically known compound, 2-methoxy pinselin, as well as ten known compounds, including xanthoquinodins A4−A6, B4, and B5, chrysophanol, physcion, (4S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-α-tetralone, (4S)-4,8-dihydroxy-α-tetralone (or isosclerone), and gonytolide C were isolated from the fungus Cytospora eugeniae BCC42696. Their chemical structures were determined based on the analysis of NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data. Moreover, the absolute configurations of the unknown compounds were established by using NOESY and NOEDIFF NMR experiments along with CD spectroscopic data. The isolated xanthoquinodins exhibited a broad range of antimalarial, antibacterial, and fungicidal activities as well as cytotoxicity. Xanthoquinodins A6, B4, and B5 showed strong activity to Plasmodium falciparum, K1 strain (IC<inf>50</inf> 0.52–0.92 μM) and displayed anti-Bacillus cereus (MIC 1.56 μg/mL). Xanthoquinodin A6 also showed anti-Curvularia lunata (MIC 3.13 μg/mL). In addition, xanthoquinodins A4, A6, B4, and B5 and ketoxanthoquinodin A6 showed cytotoxicity against both cancerous (MCF-7, KB, NCI-H187) and non-cancerous (Vero) cells.
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Allahabadolactones A and B from the endophytic fungus, Aspergillus allahabadii BCC45335
(2016-01-28)
Sadorn, Karoon
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Saepua, Siriporn
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Boonyuen, Nattawut
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Laksanacharoen, Pattiyaa
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Rachtawee, Pranee
Two new compounds, allahabadolactones A (1) and B (2), along with 10 known compounds including 16-amino-isopimar-7-en-19-oic acid (3), 16-α-d-glucopyranosyloxyisopimar-7-en-19-oic acid (4), 16-α-d-mannopyranosyloxyisopimar-7-en-19-oic acid (5), ergosterol, (22E)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol, cerevisterol, (R)-(-)-methoxycarbonylmellein, (-)-piliformic acid, 7-dechlorogriseofulvin, and cytochalasin D, were isolated from the endophytic fungus, Aspergillus allahabadii BCC45335. Their chemical structures were determined based on NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses. The absolute stereochemistry of compound 1 was established by an X-ray crystallographic analysis and the reactions with Mosher's reagents. A plausible biosynthesis of allahabadolactones A (1) and B (2) was also proposed. Antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and cytotoxicity against MCF-7, KB, NCI-H187, and Vero cells of the isolated compounds were also evaluated.

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