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Author: search.filters.author.Borkowski, John J.Subject: search.filters.subject.Magnetic biochar

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    Sustainable magnetic biochar from agro-aquacultural waste for efficient Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal: Machine learning–assisted optimization and techno-economic evaluation
    (2026-05-15)
    Limmun, Wanida
    ;
    Limmun, Warunee
    ;
    Prangmoo, Yasumin
    ;
    Ishikawa, Nao
    ;
    Borkowski, John J.
    This study presents the sustainable synthesis and optimization of magnetic biochar derived from agro-aquacultural waste, specifically rubber seed shells and oyster shells (MRO), for the efficient removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solutions. MRO was synthesized via FeCl<inf>3</inf> activation and co-pyrolysis, enhancing adsorption capacity and magnetic recoverability. Process optimization was performed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and a Genetic Algorithm–Backpropagation Neural Network (GA–BPNN), with experimental validation confirming RSM-predicted conditions. The optimized MRO achieved high adsorption capacities of 709.99 mg/g for Pb(II) and 332.98 mg/g for Cd(II), following Langmuir and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Mechanistic analysis identified surface complexation, ion exchange, electrostatic interaction, and precipitation as key pathways. MRO demonstrated excellent reusability, maintaining over 90% Pb(II) removal efficiency after 11 regeneration cycles. Techno-economic and environmental assessments revealed a low production cost (23 THB/kg), modest energy consumption (2.5 kWh/kg), and a reduced carbon footprint (0.50 kg CO<inf>2</inf>/kg). These results underscore the potential of MRO as a cost-effective and scalable adsorbent for sustainable wastewater treatment applications.
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    Eco-friendly magnetic biochar from Leb Mu Nang banana peel: Response surface methodology optimization for Cd(II) adsorption from synthetic wastewater
    (2024-02-01)
    Limmun, Wanida
    ;
    Limmun, Warunee
    ;
    Borkowski, John J.
    ;
    Ishikawa, Nao
    ;
    Pairintra, Rattanachai
    Magnetic biochar derived from Leb Mu Nang banana peel waste is introduced as a novel precursor for Cd(II) removal from synthetic wastewater. This study comprehensively evaluates and optimizes variable factors, including initial Cd(II) concentration, magnetic biochar (MLP) dosage, adsorption time, and initial pH level, using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A Cd(II) removal efficiency of up to 93.4 % is reached under the conditions of a 50 mg/L initial concentration, 5 g/L MLP dosage, 24 h of adsorption time, and a solution pH of 8. The pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models accurately represent the kinetics and isotherm adsorptions, highlighting ion exchange, surface complexation, and precipitation as primary adsorption mechanisms. The magnetic biochar derived from Leb Mu Nang banana peels shows promise for efficient Cd(II) removal with easy post-adsorption separation.