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Author: search.filters.author.Bureekul, Sujaree

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    Distribution and chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols over the Gulf of Thailand during the southwest monsoon
    (2026-05-01)
    Kayee, Jariya
    ;
    Sompongchaiyakul, Penjai
    ;
    Das, Reshmi
    ;
    Wang, Xianfeng
    ;
    Chinfak, Narainrit
    Marine aerosols were collected over the Gulf of Thailand (GOT) during the 2018 southwest monsoon on board the M.V. SEAFDEC2 while sailing. Water-soluble inorganic ions (i.e., Na<sup>+</sup>, NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, NO<inf>3</inf><sup>−</sup>, and SO<inf>4</inf><sup>2−</sup>) and elemental concentrations (i.e., Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, and Zn) were determined to investigate their distribution patterns in order to evaluate the influence of particle sources on the chemical properties of atmospheric aerosols. During the southwest monsoon, the wind predominantly blows over the Indian Ocean to the GOT. Correspondingly, our results indicated that coarse particles are dominated by sea salts. Cl<sup>−</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> are the major ions, accounting for ∼64.8% (range: 51.2–84.3%) of total ions in the coarse mode particles. The strong correlation between Cl<sup>−</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> ( r = 0.999) along with the Cl/Na ratio (1.5, range: 0.66–2.00) suggest sea salt origin. Enrichment factor (EF) values indicate that elements are originated from oceanic, crustal, and anthropogenic sources. The oceanic source (Sr, Ca, Mg and Na) explains 95% (range: 81–99%) of total elements in the aerosols. Elements such as Al, Fe, Mn and Ba explain 4.6% of the total elements. These elements associate with the crustal source. Only a minimal amount (0.63%, range: 0.02–4.5%) of the total elements is originated from anthropogenic activities over or nearby the GOT as shown by loading of As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, V and Zn.
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    Anthropogenic Impacts on the Distribution of Dissolved Nutrients at 4 Major River Mouths Discharging into the Inner Gulf of Thailand
    (2026-01-01)
    Srisaard, Suparat
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    Sompongchaiyakul, Penjai
    ;
    Ubonyaem, Tanakorn
    ;
    Charoenpong, Chawalit
    ;
    Chinfak, Narainrit
    Anthropogenic activities have been identified as key contributors to nutrient loading and phytoplankton blooms along the eastern coast of the Inner Gulf of Thailand (inner GoT). This study provides a comparative analysis of dissolved nutrient levels and distributions at the river mouths of 4 major basins discharging into the inner GoT in the same period: Maeklong (MK), Thachin (TC), Chaophraya (CPY), and Bangpakong (BPK). Physicochemical parameters were measured and dissolved nutrients, in inorganic and organic forms, were examined using spectrophotometric methods. The study was conducted through monthly and seasonal monitoring (dry and wet seasons) in 2019. Monthly sampling focused on spatial variation between upstream and downstream stations of each river, while additional sites (6-8 stations) at the river mouths were used to monitor vertical profile changes during dry and wet seasons. Results indicated that anthropogenic influences significantly affected nutrient concentrations and their spatial distribution. TC exhibited the highest average dissolved inorganic phosphorus (9.39 ± 4.83 µM) and lowest dissolved oxygen (1.43 ± 1.06 mg L<sup>−1</sup>), reflecting high domestic waste input, organic pollution, and hypoxic conditions. Exceptionally high dissolved organic nitrogen concentrations in TC (284 ± 62.5 µM) and CPY (304 ± 124 µM) suggested metropolitan areas as major DON sources, with the potential to enhance phytoplankton growth in the inner GoT. In BPK, dam operations altered hydrological dynamics and nutrient distribution, while MK, the least disturbed basin, showed the lowest nutrient levels. A negative correlation between nutrient concentrations and salinity, along with vertical nutrient profiles, indicated that water mixing was a dominant process controlling nutrient distribution at all river mouths. This study highlighted the anthropogenic influence and the role of nutrients especially DON in the inner GoT, providing insights into eutrophication, phytoplankton blooms, and deoxygenation-essential for sustaining fisheries and informing site-specific environmental regulations.