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Effect of strain and gender on production performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of broiler chickens
(2022-03-01)
Kamporn, K.
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Deeden, B.
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Klompanya, A.
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Setakul, J.
;
Chaosap, C.
The effects of strain and gender on production performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of broiler chickens were examined. There were no significant interactions between broiler strain and gender (P>0.05). Arbor Acres showed significantly higher body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), while feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly lower than Ross308 and Cobb500, especially in the fifth and sixth weeks of age. Arbor Acres also showed the highest slaughter weight (P<0.05). However, carcass composition was not significantly different between strains. There were no significant differences between the strains in muscle pH, drip loss and cooking loss. However, Cobb500 had a lower shear force value than the others (P<0.05). As for the gender-specific effect, BW and ADG of male broilers were higher than those of females from the second to the sixth week of age (P<0.01). At the second week of age, female broilers had higher FI, while male broilers had higher FI from the third to the sixth week of age (P<0.01). Male broilers had lower FCR than females from the fourth to the sixth week of age (P<0.01). Male broilers had higher slaughter weight, carcass weight and carcass composition weight (P<0.01) except for abdominal fat (P>0.05). Percent carcass composition did not differ among broiler strains except for percent tenderloin and percent abdominal fat, which were higher in females than males (P<0.01). Broiler strains had no effect on meat quality except that Cobb500 had lower shear force (P<0.05). The pH3, pH24 and yellowness color values had differed between genders, which male muscle had higher pH3 (P<0.05), pH24 (P<0.01) than female but female muscle had higher yellowness value than male (P<0.05). Interaction effect between breed and gender was found in lightness (P<0.01) and redness colors (P<0.05).
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The influence of fattening periods on chemical composition, fatty acid profile, cholesterol and ribonucleotide content of Charolaise crossbred steers
(2022-01-01)
Thiwaratkoon, P.
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Chongcharoen, M.
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Sitthigripong, R.
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Setakul, J.
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Vijitrothai, N.
The chemical composition, fatty acid profile, cholesterol, and ribonucleotide content of longissimus thoracis muscle from Charolaise crossbred steers fattened for 12 and 15 months were investigated. Chemical composition did not differ between the two fattening periods. Fat content was 4.38 and 4.66 %, moisture content 72.79 and 71.14 %, ash content 1.24 and 1.23 %, and protein content 23.60 and 23.73 % for fattening periods of 12 and 15 months, respectively. Fatty acid composition was not affected by fattening period, except that C15:0 content was higher in steers fattened for 12 months than in steers fattened for 15 months (P < 0.05). There was no effect of fattening period on cholesterol content (P > 0.05). As for the effect of fattening period on ribonucleotide content, only guanosine monophosphate (GMP) of steers fattened for 12 months was significantly higher than those of steers fattened for 15 months (P < 0.05).
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The influence of fattening periods on performance, carcass composition, and meat quality of Charolaise crossbred steers
(2020-12-01)
Kheawrod, W.
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Sivapirunthep, P.
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Thiwaratkoon, P.
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Chongcharoen, M.
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Chancharoen, P.
Results showed that the initial weight did not differ between groups (P>0.05). While, the 15 month group had more heavy weight than 12 month group (P<0.01). Furthermore, the 15 month group gained more weight than 12 month group (P<0.05). The average daily gain of 15 month group was higher than 12 month group (P<0.01) which were 723.62 and 603.30 gram/day, respectively. The weight of hot and cold carcass of 15 month group was higher than 12 month group (P<0.01) while the percentage of hot and cold carcass did not differ between group (P>0.05). For carcass composition, lean percentage (P<0.01) and bone percentage (P<0.05) were higher in 15 month group than in 12 month. Meat color, shrinkage loss, cooking loss, and shear force did not affect by fattening period (P>0.05). In addition the fattening period did not impact on collagen content and also collagen solubility (P>0.05).
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Effect of compensatory growth on forms of glycogen, postmortem proteolysis, and meat quality in pigs
(2011-07-01)
Chaosap, C.
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Parr, T.
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Wiseman, J.
The current experiment was designedto examine if a compensatory feed regimen influencedstorage of glycogen forms, activity of proteolytic systems,and meat quality. Female pigs (Large White ×Landrace × Duroc cross) with an initial age of 74 dwere allocated to 6 feeding treatment groups (n = 8 foreach group). Groups then consumed feed ad libitum for40 (A40), 42 (A42), or 82 d (A82). The compensatorygrowth groups were fed 0.70 of ad libitum intake for40 d (R40) followed by refeeding for ad libitum intakefor 2 (R40A2) or 42 d (R40A42). Pigs were slaughteredat the end of the restriction period (SL1), thenafter refeeding for 2 (SL2) and 42 d (SL3). The feedingregimen caused restricted animals at SL2 to havea decreased BW (P = 0.039), with the refed animalsundergoing compensatory growth by SL3 so BW wasnot different (P = 0.829). At SL1 there was a trend forthe R40 pigs to have less intramuscular fat than A40 (P= 0.084). There was a trend for macroglycogen (MG; P= 0.051) and a significant effect for proglycogen (ProG;P = 0.014) to be greater at slaughter in R40 than A40,along with a greater postmortem decline in both MG(P = 0.033) and ProG (P = 0.022) over the first 2 h inR40, which was associated with the R40 having a lowerpH at 24 h postmortem (P = 0.043). After refeeding for2 d (SL2), only MG of R40A2 was greater (P = 0.030)than A42 and had a trend for a greater difference ofdecline at 24 h postmortem (P = 0.091), which was associatedwith lower pH at 24 h (P = 0.012). The datasuggest that the concentrations of ProG are more labileand recovered to the concentrations of pigs fed for adlibitum intake sooner than MG. After full compensationin SL3, there was no difference for MG content (at0 h, P = 0.721; at 2 h, P = 0.987; at 24 h, P = 0.343),ProG content (at 0 h, P = 0.879; at 2 h, P = 0.946;at 24 h, P = 0.459), and muscle pH (at 45 min, P =0.373; at 24 h, P = 0.226). At all slaughter points, therewas no difference in shear force (at SL1, P = 0.101; atSL2, P = 0.420; at SL3, P = 0.167). There were nosignificant effects of the feeding regimen on micro- andmilli-calpain large subunit gene expression (for microcalpainat SL1, P = 0.450; at SL2, P = 0.171; at SL3,P = 0.281; for milli-calpain at SL1, P = 0.666; at SL2,P = 0.123; at SL3, P = 0.617) or the activity of the 2proteolytic enzymes at any of the slaughter dates (formicro-calpain at SL1, P = 0.238; at SL2, P = 0.238; atSL3, P = 0.222; for milli-calpain at SL1, P = 0.296; atSL2, P = 0.230; at SL3, P = 0.615). In R40 there wasa trend (P = 0.070) for greater gene expression of caspase3, whereas in R40A2 the increase was significant(P = 0.009) relative to pigs consuming feed ad libitum.However, gene expression of the E3 ligase, MuRF1, atSL3 was less in R40A42 (P = 0.019). Although compensatorygrowth does appear to influence the expressionof various proteolytic systems, the changes do notappear to be associated with meat quality as measuredby shear force. ©2011 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved.

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