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Impact of Battery Pack Shell Materials on Electrical Leakage in Submersion
(2025-05-19)
Ngo, D. N.
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Charoenphonphanich, C.
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Kunanusont, N.
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Meelapchotipong, P.
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Vo, C. T.
This study investigates the impact of battery pack shell materials on electrical leakage when fully submerged in seawater. Both conductive and insulating materials are utilized for battery pack shells. Simulations are conducted using the Finite Element Method (FEM) and are compared with experimental procedure to validate accuracy and reliability. After validation, the simulations are applied to different accident scenarios to analyze potential outcomes. The results revealed that the choice of materials significantly influences electrical leakage, as evidenced by simulations of various scenarios. Moreover, the voltage distribution changed with different battery pack shell states, indicating that the condition of the battery shell significantly impacts electrical leakage. Additionally, solutions for mitigating leakage were implemented and analyzed. Adding highly conductive materials between leaked positions can also reduce the current density in the surrounding areas. These findings are expected to provide valuable data for designing battery pack shells and enhancing the safety of electric vehicles (EVs) in potential accident scenarios.
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Efficiency Evaluation on Cooling Behavior of Water-Cooling Jacket for Synchronous Reluctance Motor
(2024-01-01)
Nguyen, K. H.
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Masomtob, M.
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Kerdsup, B.
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Karukanan, S.
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Champa, P.
This study presents the cooling efficiency after installing a water-cooling jacket for a 3-kW synchronous reluctance motor of an electric motorcycle and the factors influencing its thermal behavior by experimental and simulation approaches. The testing process was conducted as a method to collect input parameters and validate the results of the computing simulation. The simulation procedure used the step running technique to evaluate two different water-path models. The findings indicated that the maximum temperature of the stator winding and jacket cover decreased by 19.12 °C and 16.07 °C, respectively, following the installation of the water jacket and operation at a low flow rate with a current supply of 200 A. Furthermore, increasing the water flow rate leads to a substantial decrease in maximum temperature before a certain flow rate; 2 liters per minute (LPM) was chosen as the optimal rate. Temperature fluctuations exhibit an upward trend up to 1.85 °C with the higher supplied currents but drop with a higher flow rate. In addition, the motor maximum temperature in the long water-path jacket (LWJ) model was lower than in the short water-path jacket (SWJ) model due to the higher heat transfer coefficient (HTC).
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CHARACTERIZATION OF FOUR BALL METALLIC WEAR MECHANISMS USING SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
(2022-09-14)
Phyo, Mi Zwe Mon
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Karin, P.
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Khamsrisuk, P.
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Srilomsak, M.
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Charoenphonphanich, C.
Nowadays, lubricants play an important role in several automotive industries around the world because they reduce friction and wear on engines moving parts such as piston ring, cylinder liner and valve control systems of compression ignition engines. The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of bio-oil (palm oil) on metallic wear. The tribological test was conducted using a four-ball tribometer as indicated by engineering testing standard ASTM (D4172) under the conditions of 392 N applied load, 75°C and the period of 60 minutes. These four ball surfaces were observed by using 3D Optical Microscope (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis. According to the four-ball wear test, the comparison of average wear scars diameter between two different types of bio-oil and SAE 0W30 engine oil were investigated. Furthermore, wear scar depth from 3D microscope and SEM images of different magnification were compared in the viewpoint of wear mechanism analysis.
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WELDABILITY AND THICKNESS STUDY OF ELECTROLESS NICKEL COATING ON ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR FOR LI-ION BATTERY PACK
(2021-05-31)
Chumni, N.
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Charoenphonphanich, C.
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Tanprayoon, D.
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Yenwichai, T.
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Masomtob, M.
Aluminium (Al) is used as an electrical conductor for battery modules to reduce the cost of battery modules but still provides high performance. An electroless nickel (EN) coating is applied to the surface of the Al conductors to meet the mentioned requirements, as it is well known in the automotive industry for its hardness and wear resistance. This paper presents a novel study on the influences of EN thickness on the weldability between the EN coated Al conductors and the tin coated copper wires using resistance spot welding (RSW). The two main parameters of this study are nickel (Ni) thickness and Al thickness. A total of twelve thickness conditions of the material are used. It consists of three differences in the thickness of Al; 2, 3 and 4 mm, that their surfaces are coated by four different thicknesses of Ni; uncoated, 10 µm, 20 µm and 30 µm. The electrical conductivity, the pull force and the peel force are measured after the specimens are welded with the tin coated copper wires. Poor and good weldabilities are studied to discover the cause of the behaviours. This study assists the primary purpose of using Al as the electrical conductor for battery modules, reducing the cost of battery modules but still offering high performance.
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EFFECT OF BIODIESEL ON COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE’S COMBUSTION BEHAVIOR AND PARTICLE EMISSION
(2020-11-11)
Tripatara, A.
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Karin, P.
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Phairote, W.
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Charoenphonphanich, C.
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Masomtob, M.
Diesel Engines are widely known for a high compression ratio, which is proportional to the engine’s efficiency. The effect from direct injection of a diesel engine generates particulate matter (PM). PMs are mainly composed of Soot and Metallic Ash, which are harmful to human health. This research describes thermal efficiency, engine performance and combustion behavior at various load (20%, 50%, and 80%) and fuel (B7, B20, and B100) by using combustion pressure analyzer. The experimental results demonstrated that B100 has the highest ISFC and lowest ISEC for all test series owing to the highest indicated thermal efficiencies. Operating load and fuel are strongly proportional to heat release rate and ignition delay. The heat release rate of low load condition is retarded compare with medium and high load. Conventional diesel and biodiesel PMs were investigated by using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The average size of ultrafine particles that obtained from the experiment are range of 50-500 nm and primary nanoparticle size of B7 and B100 are in range of 25-50 nm.
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Investigation on Mechanical Properties and Fracture Mechanism of Carbon Fiber and Glass Fiber Composite at Different Curing Temperature
(2020-07-27)
Lin, Ye Htet
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Cuaiman, T.
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Karin, P.
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Charoenphonphanich, C.
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Larpsuriyakul, P.
Weight reduction is one of the big challenges in the auto industry. In the aerospace industry, the high modulus of composite material makes weight savings to replace alloys such as aluminium and titanium. It is one way to reduce fuel consumption and reducing emissions in vehicles by using composite. Among them, carbon fiber and glass fiber are the most useful materials in composite to reduce the weight in vehicles not only in the automotive field but also in aircraft, marine, medicine, sport, etc. In this study, hand lay-up (wet lay-up) method is used to fabricate carbon fiber and glass fiber composites with different curing temperature 30°C (the equivalent of room temperature) until it is dry and 80°C for curing 6 hours. The strength of carbon fiber and glass fiber composites were increased over 10% and the hardness of carbon fiber composite was also increased two times at 80°C curing temperature. Furthermore, the fracture mechanism of carbon fiber and glass fiber composites were also observed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image processing method.
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Influence of Metal Oxide Ashes on Soot Oxidation Kinetics and Nanostructure using Electron Microscopy and Thermogravimetric Analysis
(2019-04-09)
Koko, P.
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Karin, P.
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Saenkhumvong, E.
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Charoenphonphanich, C.
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Phairote, W.
According to increasingly stringent regulations on particulate emission from automotive vehicles, diesel engine must be equipped with Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) to trap the Particulate Matter (PM) which are very harmful to human health. Diesel particulate matters are composed primarily of unburned hydrocarbon (soot) and metal oxide ashes as solid fraction. DPF can trap PM with higher filtration efficiency and the process which can burn the soot into carbon dioxide is called regeneration process. Although regeneration process can burn the soot effectively, incombustible ashes will be remained inside the DPF channel causing engine back pressure. These metal oxide ashes are mainly derived from lubricant additives, engine wear and trace metals from diesel fuel. In this article, different nanostructures of diesel soot and metal oxide ash derived by diesel blending lube oil condition were briefly compared using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) image analysis. Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was introduced to investigate the chemical composition of particulate matters. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) was also conducted to compare the oxidation kinetics of pure diesel soot and the influence of metal oxide ash on soot oxidation kinetics. Contamination of metal oxide ashes promoted soot oxidation rate due to the presence of metallic additives from lube oil acting as a catalyst on soot oxidation kinetics.
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Effects of variable O2 concentrations and injection pressures on the combustion and emissions characteristics of the petro-diesel and hydrotreated vegetable oil-based fuels under the simulated diesel engine condition
(2018-12-01)
Vo, C.
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Charoenphonphanich, C.
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Karin, P.
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Susumu, S.
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Hidenori, K.
This experimental research investigates the effects of variable O<inf>2</inf> concentrations and injection pressures on the combustion and emissions characteristics of the diesel (B7) and the hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO)-based fuels. The O<inf>2</inf> concentrations included 21%, 15% and 10% O<inf>2</inf>, while the injection pressures were 80 and 120 MPa. The experimental fuels were the diesel fuel (B7), the neat HVO, the 20%, 50% and 80% HVO (by mass fraction) blended with the diesel. The experiments were carried out in a rapid compression-expansion machine (RCEM) under the direct injection (DI) diesel combustion condition. The analysis was undertaken using the two-color method. The experimental results indicated that the ignition delay, the heat release rate, the flame temperature, the soot density-KL factor, the NO<inf>x</inf> and soot-out emissions were inversely correlated to the HVO fraction in the blend. In addition, the findings revealed the similar flame profiles in which the higher flame temperature region and the darker KL density were concentrated around the spray flame upstream, regardless of the HVO mixing ratio. Besides, the decrease in the O<inf>2</inf> concentration resulted in the lower heat release rate, integral heat release, flame temperature, KL factor and NO<inf>x</inf> emissions but the longer ignition delay and higher soot concentration, with the highest soot concentration observed under the 15% O<inf>2</inf> environment. Nevertheless, the higher pressure differential (i.e. between the injection pressure and the ambient pressure) contributed to the shorter ignition delay, higher heat release rate, early peak of the flame temperature, wider combustion area, faster soot oxidation rate and higher NO<inf>x</inf> production.
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Material selection and assembly method of battery pack for compact electric vehicle
(2018-02-07)
Lewchalermwong, N.
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Masomtob, M.
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Lailuck, V.
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Charoenphonphanich, C.
Battery packs become the key component in electric vehicles (EVs). The main costs of which are battery cells and assembling processes. The battery cell is indeed priced from battery manufacturers while the assembling cost is dependent on battery pack designs. Battery pack designers need overall cost as cheap as possible, but it still requires high performance and more safety. Material selection and assembly method as well as component design are very important to determine the cost-effectiveness of battery modules and battery packs. Therefore, this work presents Decision Matrix, which can aid in the decision-making process of component materials and assembly methods for a battery module design and a battery pack design. The aim of this study is to take the advantage of incorporating Architecture Analysis method into decision matrix methods by capturing best practices for conducting design architecture analysis in full account of key design components critical to ensure efficient and effective development of the designs. The methodology also considers the impacts of choice-alternatives along multiple dimensions. Various alternatives for materials and assembly techniques of battery pack are evaluated, and some sample costs are presented. Due to many components in the battery pack, only seven components which are positive busbar and Z busbar are represented in this paper for using decision matrix methods.
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Morphology and oxidation kinetics of CI engine’s biodiesel particulate matters on cordierite Diesel Particulate Filters using TGA
(2017-02-01)
Karin, P.
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Boonsakda, J.
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Siricholathum, K.
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Saenkhumvong, E.
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Charoenphonphanich, C.
The impact of small compression ignition (CI) engine operation conditions and fuel properties on diesel and biodiesel particulate matters (PMs) quantity using opacity smoke meter is investigated. The biodiesel engine’s PMs are around a half of diesel engine PMs under the same engine operation conditions. Morphology of both engine’s PMs are also studied using a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and image processing method. The average primary nanoparticle sizes of diesel and biodiesel engine’s PMs are approximately 34 nm and 32 nm, respectively. The result shows that engine operation condition and fuel property are strongly impact on the quantity and size distribution of primary nanoparticles emission. PM oxidation kinetics on conventional cordierite Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) powders by Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) is also successfully studied. The calculated apparent activation energies of biodiesel engine’s PM oxidation on conventional cordierite DPFs powders are lower than that of diesel engine’s PM and carbon black because of unburned oxygenated molecule. The calculated apparent activation energy of biodiesel engine’s PM and diesel engine’s PM oxidize on conventional cordierite DPFs powders with pure air are in the range of 109 ~ 131 kJ/mole and 117 ~ 130 kJ/mole, respectively. It might be expected that smaller primary nanoparticle size of biodiesel engine’s PMs and bio-oxygenate unburned hydrocarbon can promote more PM oxidation rate during vehicle’s DPF regeneration process.

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